scholarly journals Improving the management of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in apple orchards

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
P.L. Lo ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
T.M. Fraser ◽  
D.W. Manktelow
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Mealybug infestations in New Zealand apples declined when integrated fruit production was implemented in the late 1990s In Hawkes Bay however mealybugs have recently become an increasing problem The mean incidence of mealybugs at harvest increased from 17 in 2008 to 22 in 2010 In 2009 and 2010 almost 50 of blocks had a higher incidence than the previous year Analysis of spray diaries suggested that spray programmes up to 200910 were inadequate to maintain longterm suppression of mealybugs Key factors were the number of insecticide sprays their time of application and the choice of product but not spray coverage Consequently in spring 2010 orchard managers were encouraged to follow a best practice spray programme against mealybugs which led to markedly improved mealybug control At harvest in 2011 the mean incidence was 07 and just 14 of blocks had more mealybugs than the previous year while almost 60 had fewer

scholarly journals The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawkes Bay apple orchards

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
L.M. Cole ◽  
J.T.S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

The ichneumonid parasitoid Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand in 1906 for biological control of codling moth Cydia pomonella a pest of pipfruit Following release it was found in the Auckland area with only isolated recoveries in the 1970s in Waikato and Hawkes Bay In 2010 96 parasitism of codling moth by L caudatus in larvae collected from a Hawkes Bay orchard was recorded Liotryphon caudatus harvested from this collection were used to establish a laboratory colony for behavioural observations In 2011 15 sites across Hawkes Bay comprising abandoned organic and Integrated Fruit Production apple orchards were surveyed for the presence of L caudatus Cocooned codling moth larvae in corrugated cardboard bands were placed at each site for 3 weeks and assessed for parasitism Liotryphon caudatus was recovered from four of five abandoned orchards with up to 13 parasitism but was not found in either organic or IFP orchards

scholarly journals Susceptibility of the European earwig Forficula auricularia to insecticide residues on apple leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
European Earwig

The European earwig (Forficula auricularia) is potentially a predator of a number of insect pests in apple orchards However its effectiveness as a natural enemy in apple orchards may be compromised by insecticide sprays A laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides currently used in Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple orchards and one asyet unregistered product was undertaken to determine their effects on earwigs Adult earwigs were placed in ventilated containers where they were exposed to insecticide residues on apple leaves and monitored on four occasions over 10 days Indoxacarb thiacloprid spinosad and diazinon caused the greatest mortality to earwigs while carbaryl appeared to be less harmful Chlorantraniliprole spirotetramat emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide caused no increased mortality of earwigs compared with the control Identification and avoidance of harmful insecticides may help to enhance the potential of earwigs as natural enemies in apple orchards

INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION FOR NEW ZEALAND PIPFRUIT: PEST MANAGEMENT

2000 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
C.H. Wearing ◽  
S.J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

scholarly journals Biocontrol of pests in apples under integrated fruit production

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Orchard Pests ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

The biological control of some key orchard pests achieved within an Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple block was assessed Insecticide sprays were used to manipulate the numbers of natural enemies Treatments included applications of the broadspectrum insecticide carbaryl a selective insecticide programme (IFP) and a control (no insecticides) Plots treated with carbaryl became heavily infested with woolly apple aphid and European red mite However carbaryl sprays did not completely prevent lacewings ladybirds and the woolly apple aphid parasitoid Aphelinus mali subsequently moving into the plots in response to the high host populations Numbers of some natural enemies were reduced in the carbaryl treatment and the trees were damaged by mites and woolly apple aphids The selective and noinsecticide programmes did not disrupt natural enemies and pest levels in trees and fruit were similar and acceptable

scholarly journals Alternative strategies to control New Zealand flower thrips on nectarines

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. McLaren ◽  
J.A. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Thrips Obscuratus ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

Experiments conducted in both spring and preharvest (summer) aimed to prevent damage to nectarines caused by New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus and to minimise quarantine problems caused by thrips on export fruit Reflective mulch and three insecticide programmes were compared with the standard taufluvalinate/chlorpyrifos programme in spring Abamectin spinosad and Pyrethrum Plus reduced spring damage but none was more effective than the existing standard At harvest time carbaryl and spinosad plus Nufilm17 reduced thrips numbers 3 days after treatment but carbaryl was the only effective insecticide after 5 days Reflective mulch reduced thrips numbers in spring and preharvest providing a nonchemical alternative for thrips control However supplementary control measures would be needed for this treatment to meet quarantine standards at harvest time Alternative spring and preharvest programmes for both Integrated Fruit Production and organic systems are suggested for nectarines but registration is necessary before some insecticides can be used on summerfruit

scholarly journals Development of thresholds for insecticidal control of New Zealand flower thrips on nectarines in spring

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. McLaren ◽  
J.A. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Production Programme ◽  
Thrips Obscuratus ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

Numbers of adult and larval New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus were recorded daily on nectarines from flowering (early September) to shuck fall (early November) over 5 years Adults were more common than larvae and occurred throughout this period increasing to their highest numbers in late October Larvae occurred for three weeks from petal fall Adults were released weekly onto bagged nectarine flowers or fruitlets from flowering to shuck fall Damage to the fruit was assessed in November Adults caused the most severe damage when released during flowering; slightly less damage was caused after petal fall and minor damage occurred in the weeks before shuck fall Adult feeding did not affect fruit set Three thresholds based on adult numbers are proposed for determining the need for insecticidal control in an Integrated Fruit Production programme for nectarines These thresholds reflect the decreasing risk of damage through the sensitive period

scholarly journals New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit - charting a new course

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Batchelor ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
D.W.L. Manktelow ◽  
N.M. Park ◽  
S.R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

scholarly journals Integrated fruit production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: evaluation of disease management in a pilot programme

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. L Manktelow ◽  
R.M. Beresford ◽  
A.J. Hodson ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
T.A. Batchelor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pilot Programme ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Mating Disruption, Insecticides, and the Sterile Insect Technique on Cydia pomonella in New Zealand

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Horner ◽  
Peter L. Lo ◽  
David J. Rogers ◽  
James T. S. Walker ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

Codling moth was introduced into New Zealand, and remains a critical pest for the apple industry. Apples exported to some markets require strict phytosanitary measures to eliminate the risk of larval infestation. Mating disruption and insecticide applications are the principal means of suppression in New Zealand. We tested the potential for the sterile insect technique (SIT) to supplement these measures to achieve local eradication or suppression of this pest. SIT was trialed in an isolated group of six integrated fruit production (IFP) orchards and one organic orchard (total 391 ha), using sterilized insects imported from Canada, with release by unmanned aerial vehicle and from the ground. Eradication was not achieved across the region, but a very high level of codling moth suppression was achieved at individual orchards after the introduction of sterile moths in combination with mating disruption and larvicides. After six years of releases, catches of wild codling moths at three IFP orchards (224 ha) were 90–99% lower than in 2013–2014, the year before releases began. Catches at three other IFP orchards (129 ha) decreased by 67–97% from the year before releases began (2015–2016), from lower initial levels. At a certified organic orchard with a higher initial population under only organic larvicides and mating disruption, by 2019–2020, there was an 81% reduction in wild moths capture from 2016–2017, the year before releases began.

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