Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple scion wood

The European canker pathogen Neonectria ditissima can be transmitted by apple scion wood into newly developing trees following grafting or budding resulting in disease development and progression An in vitro hot water treatment showed that both conidia and mycelium of N ditissima can be killed when placed into water at 50C for 8805; 5 min However diseased scion wood required 8805; 15 min disinfection at the same temperature to eliminate all internal pathogens including N ditissima At this temperature and time duration no mycelium growth was observed after 2 weeks incubation of cut pieces of the disinfected tissues on apple sap amended water agar Although the treatment was 100 effective at eliminating some identified and nonspecific pathogens visual assessment of both the scion and rootstock viability and vigour six months after the hot water treatment showed that 98 of the rootstocks and scions failed to grow and develop

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Morphological Study of Zinc-Oxide Nanorods Grown by Hot Water Treatment Suitable for Solar Cells Conversion Efficiency Enhancement

10.20944/preprints202005.0344.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Khairul Basher ◽

S. M. Shah Riyadh ◽

Md. Khalid Hossain ◽

Mahmudul Hassan ◽

Md. Abdur Rafiq Akand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Zno Nanorods ◽

Hot Water ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽

Hot Water Treatment ◽

Time Duration ◽

Zinc Surface

Zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanostructures including nanorods are currently considered as a pioneer research of interest world-wide due to their excellent application potentials in various applied fields especially for the improvement of energy harvesting photovoltaic solar cells (PSC). We report on the growth and morphological properties of zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on the surface of plain zinc (non-etched and chemically etched) plates by using a simple, economical, and environment-friendly technique. We apply hot water treatment (HWT) technique to grow the ZnO nanorods and varies the process parameters, such as temperature and the process time duration. The morphological, and elemental analysis confirm the agglomeration of multiple ZnO nanorods with its proper stoichiometry. The obtained nanostructures for different temperatures with different time duration showed the variation in uniformity, density, thickness and nanonorods size. The ZnO nanorods produced on the etched zinc surface were found thicker and uniform as compared to those grown on the non-etched zinc surface. This chemically etched Zinc plates preparation can be an easy solution to grow ZnO nanorods with high density and uniformity suitable for PSC applications such as to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) solar cells towards the future sustainable green earth.

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Effect of hot-water immersion on eggs and larvae of Anastrepha grandis (Macquart, 1846) (Diptera: Tephritidae) “in vitro” and on squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, 1786)

REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA ◽

10.35249/rche.47.4.21.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 653-668

Author(s):

Fernando Berton Baldo ◽

Adalton Raga

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Hot Water ◽

Hot Water Treatment ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Phytosanitary Treatment ◽

Eggs And Larvae

There are risks involved in the production and exportation of fruit fly hosts due to the possible spread of tephritid pests during distribution. Anastrepha grandis attacks cucurbit fruits and is considered an A1 quarantine pest in many countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hot water treatment on the eggs and larvae of A. grandis in vitro, and on ‘Atlas’ squash (Cucurbita moschata). The eggs and third-instar larvae of A. grandis were exposed to hot water at temperatures of 42.0, 44.0, 46.0, 46.5, 47.0, 47.5, 48.0, 49.0 and 50.0 (± 0.5) °C for durations of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. Water temperatures of at least 44 °C affected the in vitro larval eclosion of A. grandis during all exposure times. No adults were obtained when in vitro A. grandis larvae were treated at 49 °C and 50 °C at all exposure times and, 48 °C for 30 and 60 minutes. No adults were obtained when squashes infested with A. grandis eggs or larvae were treated at temperatures of 49 °C and 50 °C during any exposure time, as well as subjected to 48 °C for 20 minutes. Anastrepha grandis larvae were slightly more susceptible to hydrothermal treatment than eggs in squashes. Hot water treatment applies at a temperature of 48 °C for 20 minutes is an effective phytosanitary treatment for squashes cv. Atlas infested with eggs and larvae of A. grandis.

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