Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Indigenous Terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Gosale (Syzygium Malaccense (L.) Merr & L.M Perry)

Gosale (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) that belongs to the Myrtaceae family is one of the leading local plant species grown in Halmahera, North Maluku. Some problems in gosale breeding such as limited seed availability, low seed production due to seasonal fruiting and the nature of seeds that can not be stored for a long period (recalcitrant), suggest an alternative new production technique through a vegetative propagation (shoot cutting). Moreover, Improved seedling quality can be attempted by AMF inoculation, in which AMF at shoot cuttings play a role in initiating the formation of adventive roots. This study was conducted for 9 months using completely randomized design (CRD) with indigenous AMF inoculation treatment. The results showed that gosale cuttings that planted with indigenous AMF inoculation were effective at all observed variables. Inoculum AMF inoculated without the addition of host plant Pueria javanica at gosale shoot cuttings suggested the best treatment. The treatment of inoculum AMF from Kusumadehe (M1) obtained the best result in the variable of plant height increase, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root, root shoot ratio), and seedling quality index. While the treatment of Inoculum AMF from Soakonora revealed the highest result in the variable of plant diameter increase and AMF colonization.Keywords: gosale, shoot cuttings, AMF, Pueraria javanica, West Halmahera

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Effect of Seed Rate on Seedling Quality for Mechanical Rice Transplanting

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v22i1.41834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 9-23

Author(s):

MA Hossen ◽

MM Hossain ◽

ME Haque ◽

RW Bell

Keyword(s):

Rice Variety ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Rate ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Main Factor

A study was conducted in the Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur in the irrigated dry season (Boro) of 2012-13. It was aimed at identifying the optimum seed rate of different graded rice variety for mat type seedlings preparation and suitable seedling adjustment option of the rice trans planter to maintain required number of seedlings dispensed per stroke by the rotary picker of the trans planter. Walk behind type 4-rows rice trans planter (DP 480) was used to conduct the study. The experiment was followed as two factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three categories of rice variety as short and bold grain (cv. BR3), medium and slender grain (cv. BRRI dhan28) and extra-long and slender grain (cv. BRRI dhan50) were considered as main factor whereas seed rate of 100, 120, 130, 140, 150 and 160g pertray (280×580×25 mm) were considered as sub-factor. Irrespective of rice category, seedling emergence decreased with the increase of seed rate. Seedling emergence decreased from 77 to 56, 74 to 57 and 77 to 54% in BR3, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively with the increase of seed rate from 100 to 160g per tray. Seed rate did not affect the seedling height significantly whereas it was varied with the rice verities only and BRRI dhan50 produced higher seedling length. However, number of leaf, stem thickness and shoot dry weight decreased and root-shoot ratio increased significantly with the increase of seed rate. The highest shoot dry weight was observed in BR3 followed by BRRI dhan50. Seedling strength also decreased with the increase of seed rate. The highest seedling strength (0.043 mg cm-1) was observed for the seed rate of 100g of BR3 and the lowest (0.020 mg cm-1) for the seed rate of 160g of BRRI dhan28. The number of seedling increased and percentage of missing hills decreased with the increase of both the seed rate and seedling adjustment option of the rice transplanter irrespective of variety. In case of BR3, seedling dispensed per stroke and percentage of missing hills varied from 4.3 to 5.7 and 6.8 to 7.8 for the seed rates of 140, 150 and 160 g of seeds tray-1 for 5 to 7 seedling adjustment option of the rice transplanter respectively. Seedlings per stroke and percentage of missing hills of BRRI dhan28 for the seed rate of 130, 140 and 150 g of seeds tray-1 was found almost same for 5 to 7 seedling adjustment options of the rice transplanter (4.2 to 6.3 and 5.7 to 9.8). However, there was minimum difference of seedlings per stroke and percentage of missing hills among 120, 130 and 140 g of seeds tray-1 for the option of 4 to 7 (4.0 to 5.6 and 3.9 to 7.8 respectively) for BRRI dhan50. It can be concluded that 140 g of seeds tray-1 for short and bold grain (BR3) and 130 g of seeds tray-1 for medium and slender grain (BRRI dhan28) under the seedling adjustment options of 5 to 7 and 120 g of seeds tray-1 for extra-long and slender grain (BRRI dhan50) under the seedling adjustment options of 4 to 7 may be used for desired seedlings per hill and minimum missing hills along with good quality of seedling. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 9-23

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(111) Establishment of Root-bound Plumbago auriculata Lam. in a Landscape

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1078d ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1078D-1078

Author(s):

Sudeep Vyapari ◽

Edmund L. Thralls ◽

Michele S. Scheiber

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Harvest Dates

A study was conducted to evaluate establishment of root-bound vs. nonroot-bound container-grown Plumbago auriculata Lam. in a landscape. A total of 144 plants were transplanted from #1 containers in a rain-out shelter at Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka, Fla., in June 2004. The field soil type was amended with composted yard waste. The three treatment types used for the study were: 1) root-bound plants; 2) root-bound plants with a vertical slice made through the root ball at a 90° angle; and 3) nonroot-bound plants. To evaluate the effect of these three treatments during the course of establishment period, harvesting was done once every 2 weeks. Data on growth indices (height × width × width), shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and length of the longest root were recorded. The experimental design was a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments, 12 harvest dates (days after planting), and four replicates per harvest date. Plants were maintained according to the best management practices recommended by the UF/IFAS, and were irrigated once a day using microirrigation. Experimental data were analyzed for significance of correlation among variables using SAS version 9.1. Results of the correlation and regression analysis indicated that the increase in the shoot dry weights (g), root dry weights (g), growth indices (m3), and root: shoot ratio had significant relationship with the harvest dates. Correlation among harvest dates and shoot dry weight, root dry weight, or growth indices was found to be positive. However, results of the study indicated that as the number of days after planting increased, the root to shoot ratio decreased.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PIGEON PEA INOCULATED WITH RHIZOBIUM ISOLATED FROM COWPEA TRAP HOST PLANTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n402rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 789-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

SALOMÃO LIMA GUIMARÃES ◽

LAURA CRISTINA REZENDE DAS NEVES ◽

EDNA MARIA BONFIM-SILVA ◽

DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA CAMPOS

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Index Number ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Rhizobium Strains ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Bradyrhizobium Spp

ABSTRACT Pigeon pea is an important protein source grown in several tropical and sub-tropical countries, and is considered a multi-purpose plant that is resistant to the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. Among the possible uses for cowpea, its use as a green manure, increasing soil nitrogen content through the association with diazotrophic bacteria, generically known as rhizobia, is noteworthy. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea plants in the development of pigeon peas cultured in Red Latosol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of inoculation with four Rhizobium strains (MT8, MT15, MT16, and MT23) and one commercial inoculant comprising Bradyrhizobium spp. strains BR 2801 and BR 2003. There were two controls, one absolute (without inoculation or nitrogen fertilization) and the other with nitrogen fertilization. Each experimental plot consisted of an 8-dm3 vase containing three plants. Analyzed variables included plant height, SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, and shoot and root dry masses. Pigeon peas responded significantly to inoculation treatment, since all the plants inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea strains showed results similar to plants in the nitrogen control and commercial inoculant treatments. This demonstrates a favorable plant-bacteria interaction, which can be utilized as an alternative nitrogen source for pigeon peas.

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Effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) and compost on early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v26i4.2097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 614-620

Author(s):

Ajisafe Gbenga Adebayo ◽

Kehinde Titilope Kareem ◽

Mosunmola Tosin Olatunji ◽

Adekemi Olubukola Shokalu ◽

Henry Akinkunmi Akintoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

International Institute ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Top Soil ◽

Bougainvillea Spectabilis

Abstract Bougainvillea spectabilis is an ornamental plant grown in both temperate and tropical zones. They are primarily propagated by stem cuttings; however, difficulty in growth at early stages occurs routinely, causing barrier for its mass propagation. This study was conducted to study the effects of integrating compost with Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167), in improving the early growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Trichoderma longibrachiatum (NGJ167) used for this purpose was obtained from the Bioscience Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. One hundred and twenty (120) pots were filled with 5 kg top soil each from an alfisol. Treatments included: Top soil as Control (C), Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum (T), Top soil + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1, C2, C3 respectively, Top soil inoculated with T. longibrachiatum + compost at 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 as C1T, C2T, C3T respectively. The eight treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results indicated that integrated use of compost with Trichoderma significantly (p < 0.05) had higher growth values than the control. Higher plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and number of leaves, were recorded with the use of compost at 10 t ha-1 compared to control. Compost with Trichoderma gave higher shoot dry weight compared to treatments of compost alone. In conclusion, use of compost alone or inoculated with Trichoderma had significant effect on early growth and development of Bougainvillea spectabilis.

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Relative Competitiveness Between Cultivated and Weedy Rice under Full and Low Light

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582020380100039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Author(s):

C.E. SCHAEDLER ◽

W. LUBIAN ◽

P.C. LIMA ◽

D.M. CHIAPINOTTO

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Low Light ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Rice Monoculture

ABSTRACT: Cultivated and weedy rice biotypes exhibit morphophysiological variations under low light, affecting competition between plants. The aim of this study was to assess relative competitiveness between cultivated and weedy rice under full and low light. Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments in the experiment I were arranged in additive series while in the experiments II and III treatments were arranged in replacement series. Experiments II and III were carried out concomitantly to assess coexistence between the rice cultivar and weedy rice. The treatments consisted of different plants proportions: 100:0 (cultivated rice monoculture), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (weedy rice monoculture), keeping the total plant population obtained in experiment I (240 plants m-2) constant. Experiment II was conducted with full solar radiation and III under 50% light. The variables analyzed were shoot dry weight and plant height, 35 days after emergence (DAE). Competition among plants was evaluated via graphs and by interpreting competition indices. Concerning shoot dry weight, mutual losses were recorded between competitors, whereas equal competition for resources was observed for plant height. Weedy rice was more competitive than cultivated rice regardless of the light environment assessed, indicating the need for integrated methods to control this weed.

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ASSESSING THE NITROGEN FIXATION ABILITIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.662e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 662e-662

Author(s):

Dyremple B. Marsh ◽

Wayne McLaughlin ◽

James S. Beaver

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Kidney Beans ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Red Kidney Bean ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Methods to improve the grain yield of red kidney bean without the addition of commercially fixed nitrogen will have significant benefits to farmers in Jamaica and other tropical regions. Red kidney beans provide a major portion of the dietary protein for most families in these regions. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the nitrogen fixing capabilities of several breeding lines of Phaseolus vulgaris when inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from Jamaican soils. Surface sterilized seeds of 11 Phaseolus lines were inoculated with inoculum prepared from 5 day old Rhizobium YEM mixture. Rhizobium used were T2 and B17 from Jamaica and UMR 1889. The greenhouse study was arranged as a completely randomized design. Bean lines 9056-101, 9056-98B, 8954-5 and 8954-4 showed improved nodulation and N2 fixation when inoculated with UMR 1899. The combination of breeding line 8954-5 and Rhizobium strain B17 produced the highest nodule number and shoot dry weight of 193 and 0.72 g, respectively. The Rhizobium strain B17showed some ability to compete successfully for nodule sites against known effective strains.

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Screening of Mungbean Genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Induced Drought Stress Condition

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i230184 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽

Saleh Ahmed Shahriar ◽

Md. Abdullahil Baque ◽

Most. Nurjahan Khatun Eaty ◽

Maliha Rahman Falguni

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Retention ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Relative Water ◽

Drought Stress Condition

Sixteen advance genotypes of mungbeans under 5 different concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were studied to find out the better cultivar against drought stress condition. The experiment results revealed that germination, seedling production and water-related behavior of mungbean genotypes differed significantly under different PEG (drought inducer) concentrations. The mungbean genotype BINA Mung-6 (V8) is proved as highly tolerant against drought stress condition among all other tested genotypes. The results of the investigation revealed that BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype consistently scored the highest value for all parameters except for the root shoot ratio and water retention capacity that was statistically comparable to genotypes BARI Mung-4 (V2) and BINA Mung-5 (V7). Consistently poor performance were recorded from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype which is statistically similar as genotypes BMXK1-09015-2 (V13) and BMXK1-09015-6 (V10). The maximum percentage of germination (98.12%), shoot length (139.40 mm), root length (99.07 mm), shoot dry weight (22.32 mg), root dry weight (6.88 mg), relative water content (94.78), water retention capacity (24.98), germination co-efficient (22.27) and vigor index (233.90) were reported from BINA Mung-6 (V8) at a concentration of 0 percent PEG. The minimum percentage of germination (28.22 percent), shoot length (31.17 mm), root length (16.50 mm), shoot dry weight (2.21 mg), root dry weight (0.97 mg), relative water content (25.55), water retention capacity (3.08), germination co-efficient (6.06) and vigor index (13.45) were reported from IPM-02-03 (V16) mungbean advance lines at 0 percent PEG. Maximum (0.92) root shoot ratio was recorded from both BARI Mung-8 (V6) and BMX-08011-2 (V11) mungbean genotypes at 20 percent PEG concentration and minimum (0.22) at 0 percent PEG concentration from BARI Mung-5 (V3) genotype. Maximum water retention capacity (74.45) was recorded at 20 per cent PEG concentration from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype and minimum (5.22) was at 0 per cent PEG concentration from BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype.

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Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.4.699 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 699-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yaping Si ◽

Royal D. Heins

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Internode Length ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Stem Length ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

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The Utilization of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Growth of Oil Palm Seedling in Pre Nursery

International Journal of Multi Discipline Science (IJ-MDS) ◽

10.26737/ij-mds.v3i2.2117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Dwi Astutik ◽

Ratih Rahhutami ◽

Aline Sisi Handini ◽

Ahmad Sutopo

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Research Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Effective Microorganism

<em>A planting medium that rich in nutrients is needed for oil palm, especially in the nursery phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM4 and to get the best dose of EM4 on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the pre-nursery. The research method used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with 4 treatments, namely 0 ml EM4 (A1), 4 ml EM4 (A2), 8 ml EM4 (A3), and 12 ml EM4 (A4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% level, if the effect was real, it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study, it could be concluded that application of various EM4 doses had a significant effect on plant height (4-12 MST), the number of leaves (4-8 MST), trunk girth (4-12 MST), and shoot wet weight but did not significantly affect the number of leaves (12 MST), the volume of roots, length of roots, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, dry weight root, the best dose was shown at a dose of 12 ml EM4.</em>

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Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza

Jurnal Agro ◽

10.15575/12747 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 164-177

Author(s):

Elis Kartika ◽

Gusniwati Gusniwati ◽

Made Deviani Duaja

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Root Stock ◽

Break Time ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Glomus Sp ◽

Number Of Shoots

Grafting bibit kopi memiliki tujuan menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakteristik terbaik dari dua varietas kopi yang disambungkan. Kopi robusta digunakan sebagai batang bawah, karena lebih tahan terhadap kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan di lahan gambut. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan batang bawah dapat memanfaatkan mikoriza dan disambungkan dengan kopi liberika sebagai batang atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bibit kopi Liberika unggul hasil grafting dengan kopi Robusta bermikoriza serta mendapatkan panjang entres kopi Liberika yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah inokulasi mikoriza (tanpa aplikasi mikoriza dan aplikasi mikoriza gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan faktor kedua berupa panjang entres (10, 15, 20 dan 25 cm). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase keberhasilan sambungan, waktu pecah tunas, pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, bobot kering tunas, dan infeksi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta bermikoriza terbaik diperoleh pada panjang entres 15 cm, sedangkan yang disambungkan dengan Robusta tidak bermikoriza diperoleh pada panjang entres 25 cm. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta terbaik pada berbagai panjang entres diperoleh pada kopi Robusta bermikoriza.” The main goal of coffee grafting is to create a crop with the best characteristic of two coffee varieties in one plant. Robusta coffee is used as the rootstock, which is more resistant to constraints and unfavorable conditions in the peatland. The effort to increase rootstock resistance is inoculated by mycorrhizae and grafted with Liberica coffee as the scion. This study aimed to obtain the best scion length in order to increase the growth of Liberica coffee with Robusta coffee as the inoculated rootstock. The experiment used factorial completely randomized design with the first factor was mycorrhizae inoculation (without inoculation and inoculation of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c combination) and the second factor was the length of scion (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The variables observed were the percentage of success grafted plants, shoot break time, growth (plant height, number of leave, number of shoots, and shoot dry weight) and mycorrhizae infection. The results showed that the plant inoculated by mycorrhizae and scion lenght of 15 cm gave the best percentage of the success graft, shoot break time, and growth of scion. While, the root stock without inoculation showed the best result with the scion length 25 cm. The best growth of grafted plant was obtained in all scion length with mycorrhizae inoculation.

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