Jaw Apparatus and Feeding Mechanics of Typhlops (Ophidia: Typhlopidae): a Reconsideration

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai N. Iordansky
Keyword(s):  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Feeding Mechanics ◽  
Cranial Kinesis

The cranial kinesis and movements of the lower jaw in Typhlops are analyzed, with special emphasis placed on the functions of the jugomandibular ligament. The musculature of the Typhlops jaw apparatus is described. The role of movements of the quadrato-mandibular and palato-maxillary systems in feeding mechanics and functioning of the jaw apparatus muscles is discussed.

scholarly journals Author response: Transient role of the middle ear as a lower jaw support across mammals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Anthwal ◽  
Jane C Fenelon ◽  
Stephen D Johnston ◽  
Marilyn B Renfree ◽  
Abigail S Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Lower Jaw

scholarly journals A novel intramandibular joint facilitates feeding versatility in the sixbar distichodus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Martinez ◽  
Angelly J. Tovar ◽  
Peter C. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Single Structure ◽  
Jaw Protrusion ◽  
Benthic Prey ◽  
Analysis Of Motion

The intramandibular joint (IMJ) is a secondary point of movement between the two major bones of the lower jaw. It has independently evolved in several groups of teleost fishes, each time representing a departure from related species in which the mandible functions as a single structure rotating only at the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ). In this study, we examine kinematic consequences of the IMJ novelty in a freshwater characiform fish, the herbivorous Distichodus sexfasciatus. We combine traditional kinematic approaches with trajectory-based analysis of motion shapes to compare patterns of prey capture movements during substrate biting, the fish's native feeding mode, and suction of prey from the water column. We find that the IMJ enables complex jaw motions and contributes to feeding versatility by allowing the fish to modulate its kinematics in response to different prey and to various scenarios of jaw-substrate interaction. Implications of the IMJ include context-dependent movements of lower versus upper jaws, enhanced lower jaw protrusion, and the ability to maintain contact between the teeth and substrate throughout the jaw closing or biting phase of the motion. The IMJ in D. sexfasciatus appears to be an adaptation for removing attached benthic prey, consistent with its function in other groups that have evolved the joint. This study builds on our understanding of the role of the IMJ during prey capture and provides insights into broader implications of the innovative trait.

scholarly journals The role of the submentalis muscle in the feeding biomechanics of the marine toad, Rhinella marina

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Puljan ◽  
Curt Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Transverse Muscle ◽  
Feeding Biomechanics

It is well documented that coordination of feeding behavior in anuran amphibians requires precise coordination of the jaw levators and depressors with the timing of the protraction of the tongue. (for review, see Nishikawa, 2000). However, the neuronal mechanism initiating and synchronizing this coordination is not well understood. In addition to the intermandibularis muscle and tongue musculature in the lower jaw, there is a small, transverse muscle at the tip of the jaw, the m. submentalis. Previous anatomical work has demonstrated the presence of muscle spindles in the submentalis, leading to the hypothesis that the activation of this muscle may provide proprioceptive information to aid in coordinating the feeding biomechanics in Rhinella marina. Here, we demonstrate that the submentalis likely acts as a ‘trigger’ to initiate the hypoglossal nerve to activate the tongue, and without feedback information from the muscle spindles of the submentalis, tongue protraction is compromised.

Role of Development in Reorganization of the SI Forelimb-Stump Representation in Fetally, Neonatally, and Adult Amputated Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1842-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Pluto ◽  
Richard D. Lane ◽  
Nicolas L. Chiaia ◽  
Andrey S. Stojic ◽  
Robert W. Rhoades
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Face ◽  
Stimulation Of

Rats that sustain forelimb removal on postnatal day (P) 0 exhibit numerous multi-unit recording sites in the forelimb-stump representation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that also respond to hindlimb stimulation when cortical GABAA+B receptors are blocked. Most of these hindlimb inputs originate in the medial SI hindlimb representation. Although many forelimb-stump sites in these animals respond to hindlimb stimulation, very few respond to stimulation of the face (vibrissae or lower jaw), which is represented in SI just lateral to the forelimb. The lateral to medial development of SI may influence the capacity of hindlimb (but not face) inputs to “invade” the forelimb-stump region in neonatal amputees. The SI forelimb-stump was mapped in adult (>60 days) rats that had sustained amputation on embryonic day (E) 16, on P0, or during adulthood. GABA receptors were blocked and subsequent mapping revealed increases in nonstump inputs in E16 and P0 amputees: fetal amputees exhibited forelimb-stump sites responsive to face (34%), hindlimb (10%), and both (22%); neonatal amputees exhibited 10% face, 39% hindlimb, and 5% both; adult amputees exhibited 10% face, 5% hindlimb, and 0% both, with ∼80% stump-only sites. These results indicate age-dependent differences in receptive-field reorganization of the forelimb-stump representation, which may reflect the spatiotemporal development of SI. Results from cobalt chloride inactivation of the SI vibrissae region and electrolesioning of the dysgranular cortex suggest that normally suppressed vibrissae inputs to the SI forelimb-stump area originate in the SI vibrissae region and synapse in the dysgranular cortex.

scholarly journals Functioning Of the Maxillary Apparatus of Fish: Modeling and Kinematic Analysis of the Crank-And-Link Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-562
Author(s):  
Yu. Tolmacheva ◽  
A. Chmatkova ◽  
D.T. Vyu ◽  
V. Kuzlyakina
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Kinematic Scheme ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Jaw Apparatus ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

To study the functioning of the jaw apparatus of fish was developed and tested kinematic scheme using crank mechanism. This model is a modified analogue of the previously used four-link hinge system. In this development, based on empirical studies, was taken into account the immobility of the pterygoid and Palatine bones, which in previous works were considered as moving elements. The application of the analytical approach allowed to determine the dependence of the angles and links of the mechanism, as well as the kinematic characteristics of the upper and lower jaw blocks. The morphometric data of the jaw apparatus of two closely related species of coastal Cottoidei, characterized by linear parameters of bones, were used for the implementation of kinematic analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the increase in the length of the jaws affects the space-time kinematic characteristics, changing the amplitude and speed of movement. It is shown that the angle of rotation and the angular velocity of the maxillary block decreases with the transition of views to the power of large objects, since the extension of the mouth becomes less relevant and is compensated by an increase in its size. At the same time, this provides an increase in the angle of rotation of the mandibular block and, accordingly, the maximum height of the mouth opening. In General, the resulting kinematic scheme and analytical dependences can be used to calculate the range of possible options and the speed of movements in different species of fish with a similar type of jaw apparatus.

Functional morphology of the piper Hyporhamphus ihi with reference to the role of the lateral line in feeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 224 (1235) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Line System ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Lower Jaw

As a basis for understanding the function of the halfbeak of the piper Hyporhamphus ihi (Phillips), details of the structure and dimensions of the anterior lateral line on the head and lower jaw of the piper are described. The anterior lateral line is composed of a series of cranial canals; the supraorbital–postorbital canal; the suborbital canal; and the preopercular—mandibular canal which extends along the lower jaw. Each canal opens to the surface by a series of pores, and individual neuromasts exist in specialized regions of the canals between each of the pores. Piper are nocturnal plankivores and they possess the feeding structures and digestive tract suited to this diet. The hypothesis is proposed that they use the anterior lateral line system in prey detection, and this paper shows that the piper’s elongate body form, swimming behaviour, and lack of a specialized visual system are all consistent with this hypothesis.

scholarly journals A functional evaluation of feeding in the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus : the role of soft tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling B. Tebbett ◽  
Christopher H. R. Goatley ◽  
Víctor Huertas ◽  
Michalis Mihalitsis ◽  
David R. Bellwood
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Tomography Scanning

Ctenochaetus striatus is one of the most abundant surgeonfishes on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, yet the functional role and feeding ecology of this species remain unclear. This species is reported to possess a rigid structure in its palate that is used for scraping, but some authors have reported that this element is comprised of soft tissue. To resolve the nature and role of this structure in the feeding ecology of C. striatus we examined evidence from anatomical observations, scanning electron microscopy, histology, X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning, high-speed video and field observations. We found that C. striatus from the Great Barrier Reef possess a retention plate (RP) on their palates immediately posterior to the premaxillary teeth which is soft, covered in a thin veneer of keratin with a papillate surface. This RP appears to be used during feeding, but does not appear to be responsible for the removal of material, which is achieved primarily by a fast closure of the lower jaw. We infer that the RP acts primarily as a ‘dustpan’, in a ‘dustpan and brush’ feeding mechanism, to facilitate the collection of particulate material from algal turfs.

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