Study and analysis of motion artifacts for ambulatory electroencephalography

Motion artifacts contribute complexity in acquiring clean electroencephalography (EEG) data. It is one of the major challenges for ambulatory EEG. The performance of mobile health monitoring, neurological disorders diagnosis and surgeries can be significantly improved by reducing the motion artifacts. Although different papers have proposed various novel approaches for removing motion artifacts, the datasets used to validate those algorithms are questionable. In this paper, a unique EEG dataset was presented where ten different activities were performed. No such previous EEG recordings using EMOTIV EEG headset are available in research history that explicitly mentioned and considered a number of daily activities that induced motion artifacts in EEG recordings. Quantitative study shows that in comparison to correlation coefficient, the coherence analysis depicted a better similarity measure between motion artifacts and motion sensor data. Motion artifacts were characterized with very low frequency which overlapped with the Delta rhythm of the EEG. Also, a general wavelet transform based approach was presented to remove motion artifacts. Further experiment and analysis with more similarity metrics and longer recording duration for each activity is required to finalize the characteristics of motion artifacts and henceforth reliably identify and subsequently remove the motion artifacts in the contaminated EEG recordings.

A method to construct the dynamic landscape of a bio-membrane with experiment and simulation

Biomolecular function is based on a complex hierarchy of molecular motions. While biophysical methods can reveal details of specific motions, a concept for the comprehensive description of molecular dynamics over a wide range of correlation times has been unattainable. Here, we report an approach to construct the dynamic landscape of biomolecules, which describes the aggregate influence of multiple motions acting on various timescales and on multiple positions in the molecule. To this end, we use 13C NMR relaxation and molecular dynamics simulation data for the characterization of fully hydrated palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine bilayers. We combine dynamics detector methodology with a new frame analysis of motion that yields site-specific amplitudes of motion, separated both by type and timescale of motion. In this study, we show that this separation allows the detailed description of the dynamic landscape, which yields vast differences in motional amplitudes and correlation times depending on molecular position.

A novel intramandibular joint facilitates feeding versatility in the sixbar distichodus

The intramandibular joint (IMJ) is a secondary point of movement between the two major bones of the lower jaw. It has independently evolved in several groups of teleost fishes, each time representing a departure from related species in which the mandible functions as a single structure rotating only at the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ). In this study, we examine kinematic consequences of the IMJ novelty in a freshwater characiform fish, the herbivorous Distichodus sexfasciatus. We combine traditional kinematic approaches with trajectory-based analysis of motion shapes to compare patterns of prey capture movements during substrate biting, the fish's native feeding mode, and suction of prey from the water column. We find that the IMJ enables complex jaw motions and contributes to feeding versatility by allowing the fish to modulate its kinematics in response to different prey and to various scenarios of jaw-substrate interaction. Implications of the IMJ include context-dependent movements of lower versus upper jaws, enhanced lower jaw protrusion, and the ability to maintain contact between the teeth and substrate throughout the jaw closing or biting phase of the motion. The IMJ in D. sexfasciatus appears to be an adaptation for removing attached benthic prey, consistent with its function in other groups that have evolved the joint. This study builds on our understanding of the role of the IMJ during prey capture and provides insights into broader implications of the innovative trait.

Geometrical analysis of motion schemes on fencing experts from competition videos

Geometrical fencing is a scientific approach to fencing pioneered by Camillo Agrippa in the XVIth century which consists of characterizing the geometrical structure of fencing movements. Many geometrical spaces are involved in a duel, which evolve over time according to the skills of the fencers and the game rules. In this article, the concept of motion scheme is introduced as a flexible geometrical structure to represent fencing spaces evolving over time. The method is applied to the video of a duel of the Olympic games 2016. Five main results are presented. First, decisive actions of the duel are deduced from the distance between fencers. Second, footwork is reconstructed from horizontal movements of the feet. Third, a kinematic model is developed and compared with data in the literature. Fourth, the lunge attack is characterized and compared with data in the literature. Fifth, the role of the free hand is studied in the case of protective and balancing gestures. These findings provide rich information on the geometrical structure of fencing movements as well as on the tactical-strategic choices made by the fencers in real competition conditions. Finally, four applications illustrate the scientific value of motion schemes in fencing and other sports.

Conclusion

This conclusion examines a methodological similarity between the book’s attention to small details of movement and the discourse of “cinephilic moments,” which describes a mode of spectatorship that fixates on brief fragments of movement on screen. While cinephilic moments are often understood as resistant to formal analysis due to their apparent contingency, this conclusion shows how each chapter of The Shape of Motion has demonstrated a method of locating formal significance in cinephilic moments through the close analysis of motion. Rather than simply dwelling on the apparent uniqueness of those individual moments, each chapter collects and groups those singular moments according to the forms of movement they take, thereby yielding new theories of cinematic experience in addition to new insights about individual films.