scholarly journals The effects of IPA II pre-accession assistance instruments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Suada A. Džogović ◽  
Anita Cucović ◽  
Suada Ajdarpašić ◽  
Enes Hamzagić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Provided that one of the goals of the European Union (EU) is the economic development and possibility of integration by implementing fundamental reforms through an adequate strategic approach, this paper aims to determine the impact of the EU policy and the Instrument for PreAccession Assistance (IPA Fund) on the international business environment with special emphasis on Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Turkey. It is obvious that the EU not only provides assistance to candidate countries but also contributes to the stability, security, and prosperity of beneficiary countries. However, by adopting this approach, the EU imposes certain changes in the instruments of financial support. Namely, by launching the IPA II programme it surpassed IPA I, covering five priority areas as the key segments of development. It has been shown that this support programme is of great importance for the development of the countries covered in this study. Our research also indicates that IPA funding aids in the political and economic reforms of transition countries, preparing them for the rights and duties that come with the Union membership. Secondary data available on the official website of the European Union were used in this study. The hypothesis is confirmed by quantitative data analysis showing a significant impact of the IPA II programme on defined sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Turkey.

scholarly journals Unia bankowa a stabilność systemu finansowego UE

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mikita
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single Supervisory Mechanism ◽  
Single Resolution Mechanism ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Banking union is a new concept of the European Union in the field of financial market. The project aim is to strengthen the financial system and increase its resistance to crises that may arise in the future. This article aims to analyse the impact of the banking union on the stability of the financial system in the EU. Three pillars of the banking union are taken into account: single supervisory mechanism, single resolution mechanism and single deposit guarantee scheme. The author argues that the banking union can contribute to the stability of the financial system in the EU, but it cannot guarantee it

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF CEFTA AGREEMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CEFTA ECONOMIES // DOPRINOS „CEFTA“ SPORAZUMA RAZVOJU EKONOMIJA DRŽAVA ČLANICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanel Jakupović ◽  
Milanka Aleksić ◽  
Vesna Novaković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
Member States ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Implementation of the “CEFTA 2006” agreement lasts for ten years, and in order to make explicit the importance of the agreement it should be presented base contribute to the economy of the Member States. Through this work it will be shown the contribution agreement for economic activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main contribution is increasing in trade among the member countries of the agreement and preparing for full membership in the EU, also adapting to the standards and conditions in the EU market. This statement is characteristic also and for Bosnia and Herzegovina. With the application of other trade agreements the basic goal of Bosnia and Herzegovina trough implementation of CEFTA 2006 is to extent adequate preparation for accession to full membership of the European Union. This agreement is an agreement on free trade in industrial goods and most agricultural goods between member states, the agreement defines the equal treatment of domestic and foreign investors, as well as the openness of public procurement markets. Certain studies prove positive direct and indirect effects of CEFTA Agreement on economic growth, the objective of the study is to confirm the link between the services and the productivity of the manufacturing companies that rely on the services sector as an input product. This paper will indicate the impact of the agreement on the economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in terms of trade relations with member states of the European Union and member countries of the CEFTA agreement. Since CEFTA acting as a preparation for membership of the European Union, countries that have signed the agreement on the EU full membership withdrawn from the CEFTA, which is also the main goal of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA’S EXPORT TO EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Omerika ◽  
Mehmedalija Hadžović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

One of the basic and strategic goals of post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina is a full membership in the European Union. During 1992-1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina has passed through one of the most difficult periods in its’ history. The war has completely devastated the economical structure and the aftermaths were visible in the following years. As a new paradigm, the European Union appears. The European Union has helped the Western Balkans countries to overcome national tensions and offered them a new perspective; new regional and european integrations should be a new, historical chance for them. In the light of this, the focus of this paper is the impact of trade liberalization between the European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the export from Bosnia and Herzegovina to European Union. The above mentioned impact has been observed in the period of eleven years. The total export amount of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 was 4,6 billion euros, while the amount of the import was 8,1 billion euros, which makes nearly 60% in favor of import. Traditionally, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s most important foreign trade partner is the European Union where Bosnia and Herzegovina has a deficit in foreign trade. The portion of export to EU during 2015 was 71,79% while the portion of import was 60,85%. The coverage of import over export was 66,89%. In the period of 2005-2015, most of the products have been placed to markets in Croatia, Germany, Italy, and Serbia, which is not the EU member. The process of trade liberalization in 2015 has resulted in surplus of trade with certain EU countries; Austria, Luxembourg and Estonia while the decrease in trade has been recorded with Germany, Slovenia and Czech Republic. Regarding the export, Bosnia and Herzegovina mailny places products which have labour-intensive character. In the econometrics analysis, extented gravitational models of trade have been placed. Besides the abovementioned, the following econometrical techinques have been used: panel data models (PD), fixed effecs models (RE) and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE). In addition, Hausman test has been applied. According to the analysis that has been carried out, the following has been concluded; InGDPi, InGDPj and InDISTij variables are statistically important on the level of 5% in the period of gradual liberalization. The SSP1 an EK variables are not siginificant.In the other moder, in the period of complete liberalization InGDPi, InGDPj and SSP2 variables have a significant impact on a dependent variable on a level of 5%. InDISTij and EK variables have a significant impact on a level od 5% as well. The above mentioned result confirm the research hypothesis; trade liberalization has a significant impact on the export of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the EU. The basic limit of this research can be a relatively short observation period, caused by the fact that the data of merchandise trade between Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU countries until 2005 are not accessible.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ITALY RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUPRANATIONAL FISCAL REGULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-221
Author(s):  
Dmitrii О. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
Egor’ A. Sergeev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Stability And Growth Pact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

The article presents a retrospective analysis of relations between the government of Italy and the European Union institutions in the context of supranational fiscal regulation in 2002–2019. The authors analyze the influence of external and internal factors on the state of public finance in Italy, note the reasons that made it difficult to meet the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact, study the main issues on the agenda in the EU-Italy relations and their evolution. The authors also come to conclusion that unlike the earlier discussions about correcting budget deficit in Italy, current focus of supranational fiscal governance is shifted to preventing it, what challenges the economic sovereignty of Italy and country’s opportunities to conduct a discretionary fiscal policy.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

scholarly journals Can the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals be efficient? The challenge for achieving social equality in the European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stanickova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Economic crisis hit all the European Union Member States hard, with the impact of crisis varying considerably. The low growth performance in the EU has increased concerns regarding an increasing wage dispersion, income inequality at large, and social exclusion in line with poverty. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Social inequality in the EU is a real problem, which hampers sustainable economic growth. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence and divergence trends between the EU Member States in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study gives an outline of the issues of the labour market and income disparities and poverty. Policymakers must be clear about what social objectives they are aiming to achieve, therefore special attention is paid to headline national goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Methods: The main task of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the EU27 by applying Data Envelopment Analysis method, resp. time-series dynamic efficiency analysis in the form of output-oriented Malmquist Productivity Index. This study contains changes of key social equality indicators related to the Europe 2020 Strategy and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2010-2015, as well as the impact on national economics and living conditions. Findings & value added: Results contain elements of typology premises of the EU28 and point to a large diversity in inequality patterns, as the Author observes both increases and decreases in inequality at the EU level. Recent changes in social inequality have been associated with the business cycle, particularly with the accessibility of the labour market and, of course, with income inequality. Additionally, the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socioeconomic well-being of the EU and to avoid social disparities.

scholarly journals Competition Law and State Aid for Failing Banks in the EU and its Specific Implications for CEE Member States

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Virág Blazsek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bank Bailouts ◽  
The Eu

The bank bailouts following the global financial crisis of 2008 have been subject to prior approval of the European Commission (EC), the competition authority of the European Union. The EC was reluctant to reject rescue efforts directed at failing banks and so it consistently approved all such requests submitted by Member States. Out of the top twenty European banks, the EC authorized State aid to at least twelve entities. In this context, the paper outlines the gradually changing interpretation of EU State aid rules, the “temporary and extraordinary rules” introduced starting from late 2008, and the extension of the “no-State aid” category. The above shifts show that the EC itself deflected from relevant EU laws in order to systemically rescue important banks in Europe and restore their financial stability. The paper argues that bank bailouts and bank rescue packages by the State have led to different effects on market structures and consumer welfare in the Eurozone and non-Eurozone areas, mostly the Eastern segments of the European Union. As such, it is argued that they are inconsistent with the European common market. Although the EC tried to minimize the distortion of competition created as a result of the aforementioned case law primarily through the application of the principle of exceptionality and different compensation measures, these efforts have been at least partially unsuccessful. Massive State aid packages, the preferential treatment of the largest, or systemically important, banks through EU State aid mechanisms – almost none of which are Central and Eastern European (CEE) – may have led to the distortion of competition on the common market. That is so mainly because of the prioritization of the stability of the financial sector and the Euro. The paper argues that State aid for failing banks may have had important positive effects in the short run, such as the promotion of the stability of the banking system and the Euro. In the longrun however, it has contributed to the unprecedented sovereign indebtedness in Europe, and contributed to an increased economic and political instability of the EU, particularly in its most vulnerable CEE segment.

scholarly journals Diversity of education systems in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-249
Author(s):  
Andrzej Żurawski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
General Education ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article explores Bruno Amable’s Diversity of Capitalism approach to analyze educational systems in the European Union (EU28). The main goal is to identify the main clusters of educational systems with regard to their institutional characteristics. Second goal of the analysis is to evaluate the impact of several EU policies and initiatives on the institutional structure of European educational systems. This article identified six clusters in terms of general education and five clusters in terms of higher education systems. The clustering shows, that – with some exceptions (notably the United Kingdom and Ireland) – European education systems have similar structure to other institutional areas, in particular, it confirms the existence of post-communist (in terms of Farkas) or patchwork (in terms of Rapacki et al.) capitalism. The article shows, as well, that subsystem of higher education is much less diverse, what may have a significance for future discussions on the capitalisms in the EU. Results suggests also that there exist significant differences in performance between the clusters, something that may have a crucial importance for an educational policy.

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