scholarly journals THE AVANT-GARDIST MANIFESTO PHENOMENA IN THE WEST-EUROPEAN CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Kateryna Kamyanets
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
West European

Tribute and Trade

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
Economic Interactions

In the 18th and 19th centuries, relations between China and the West were defined by the Qing dynasty’s strict restrictions on foreign access and by the West’s imperial ambitions. Cultural, political and economic interactions were often fraught, with suspicion and misunderstanding on both sides. Yet trade flourished and there were instances of cultural exchange and friendship, running counter to the official narrative. Tribute and Trade: China and Global Modernity explores encounters between China and the West during this period and beyond, into the early 20th century, through examples drawn from art, literature, science, politics, music, cooking, clothing and more. How did China and the West see each other, how did they influence each other, and what were the lasting legacies of this contact?

Cultural Dasymetric Population Mapping with Historical GIS

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
George Towers
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Historical Gis ◽  
Southern Appalachia ◽  
Population Mapping

There has been a recent flurry of interest in dasymetric population mapping. However, the ancillary coverages that underlie current dasymetric methods are unconnected to cultural context. The resulting regions may indicate density patterns, but not necessarily the boundaries known to inhabitants. Dasymetric population mapping is capable of capturing the cultural commonality and community interaction that define social spaces. Dasymetric mapping may be improved with methodologies that reflect the ways in which social spaces are established. This research applies a historical GIS methodology for identifying early 20th Century agricultural neighborhoods in southern Appalachia. The case study is intended to encourage discovery of additional methods for mapping population on the scale of lived experience.

The ideology of the Black Hundreds in Russia in 1905-1917

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Lvovich Razmolodin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

This monograph reveals the conservative essence of the Black Hundred movement and its ideology aimed at the protection of Christian and national traditions in Russia in 1905-1917. This task is solved on the basis of an analysis of the origins, foundations of the theoretical constructs and programs of the extreme right monarchist parties in comparison with the system of views of Russian nationalists. The subjects for consideration are a set of basic ideological principles, postulates and provisions of ideologies of the Black Hundred organizations; the Orthodox religious foundations of the right monarchist ideology; conservative bases of political problematics and the problem of "Russia – the West"; approaches to the definition of nation (nationality); Imperial and national perspectives; the role and place of the Russian people; attitudes to pogroms and terrorist methods of struggle. The research proposes a system of criteria for the identification of party and personal affiliation to the Black Hundred spectrum in Russia the early 20th century, allowing a clear border to be drawn with nationalist (including fascist) parties. The urgency for this research has been caused by a poor development in the historiography. Intended for historians, sociologists, political scientists.

scholarly journals «BUREAUCRATIC YOKE» OF ST. PETERSBURG IN THE REFLECTION OF RUSSIAN INTELLECTUAL CLASSICS OF THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
V.N. Shulgin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Moral Tradition ◽  
Peter The Great

The author proceeds from still in large measure incomprehensible phenomenon – the existence of the Russian pre-revolutionary intellectual and moral tradition, whose representatives, including N.M. Karamzin and other classics of «pochvennicheskoj» orientation (of «national originality»), sought to re-educate the St. Petersburg political class in the spirit of Russism. Therefore, they criticized the «bureaucratic yoke of Petersburg», which turned into a Westernization errors of Peter the Great in the form of borrowing from the West in the spirit of bureaucracy and state absolutism.

scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/215

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Lubna Farah ◽  
◽  
Abdul Bari Owais
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Muslim Culture ◽  
As If

This research is an attempt to trace and corelate the evolution of short story in the Arabic and Urdu languages besides highlighting contributions made by the most prominent pioneers and the trends prevailing in different eras of both the languages. The short story is one of the most famous and widely read genres of fiction that seems to answer almost everything near to the nature of human being and whenever it is narrated it feels as if, something exceptional has been created which contains substance of our inferred experience and transitory sense of our common, tempestuous journey of life. Irrespective of the prevailing belief that short story also belongs to the West, its roots in the Arabic language go back to the pre-Islamic times and especially the Golden Age of Islamic civilization which spans from the 8th to the 14th centuries. Anecdotes of the Bedouins and the rhymed Ma’qama were the early foundations of short story in the Arabic language. Then this art reached its epitome in the modern era by the big names like al-Manfaluti, Tawfiq al-Hakim, Naguib Mahfouz, Yahya Haqqi, Ihsan Abdul Quddus, Yusuf Idris and Hasib Kayali. Likewise, the Urdu language that is a product of centuries long interaction between the native Indians and the invading Muslim culture, has borrowed the genre of short story form diverse sources. Then it was matured in the early 20th century by the pioneers like Rashid al-Khairi, Sajjad Haider Yaldram, Saadat Hasan Manto, Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi, Mansha Yaad and Intizar Hussain.

scholarly journals The Images of Mary of Egypt, Mary Magdalene and Cleopatra in Russian Literature: the Christian and the Pagan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Galina Yu. Zavgorodnyaya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Mary Magdalene ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mary Of Egypt ◽  
West European

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article examines the orthodox tradition of paying homage to Venerable Mary of Egypt. The perception of the image of Mary of Egypt is compared with that one of Mary Magdalene in the West-European World, particularly in literature and art. The different forms of interaction between the hagiography of Mary of Egypt and Russian literature are traced: adaptation of the plot, allusions, insertion of the motif of a repented whore. The plot of Cleopatra, as of an impenitent whore, is opposite to a hagiographic plot (by its semantic pole of attraction). Two female images symbolize two divergent paths&nbsp;&mdash; to spiritual rebirth and to the ruin. As a result of the analysis of the works of A.&nbsp;Pushkin, I.&nbsp;Aksakov, N.&nbsp;Leskov, V.&nbsp;Bryusov, A.&nbsp;Remizov it is deduced that both plots turned out to be productive for Russian literature of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, namely because of their paired relationship.</span></p>

scholarly journals On the issue of the synthesis of geopolitics and racialism in the early days of contemporary history

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ruslan Abdurazakovich Abdurazakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Foreign Science ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of the research is the consideration of the problem of synthesis of racialism and geopolitics in the late 19th - the early 20th century and the substantiation of such a new concept in geopolitics as geopolitical racialism which hasn&rsquo;t been used before neither in Russian nor in foreign science. To solve this task, the author applies the fundamental geopolitical dualism methods to the analysis of supremacist and imperialist mindset typical for scientific and sociopolitical life in Britain and the U.S. of the considered period, which became a core for the formation of Anglo-Saxon exceptionality, and formed the basis for the foreign policy of these states. The author arrives at the conclusion that until recently, Anglo-Saxonism was considered as a result of the Western elites&rsquo; fascination with the ideas of social Darwinism rather than as a geopolitical form of racism, since its analysis was mostly based on the peculiarities of &ldquo;blood and descendance&rdquo; of Anglo-Saxon peoples rather than on their &ldquo;thalassocratic nature&rdquo; or the influence of natural and climatic factors on their development. The differentiating feature of continental geopolitics was, vice versa, not only distancing from social Darwinism, but also the repudiation of the possibility of ultimate victory in the struggle between the West and the East. Theoretical and practical importance of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of the works of the Western authors of the late 19th - the early 20th centuries, both already known and left out in the cold, the author substantiates the definition and characteristics of geopolitical racism in its Anglo-Saxon variant, upholding the supremacy of maritime powers (thalassocracies) over land powers (tellurocracies) predefined by geographical factors, which in many aspects predetermined the development of the Western geopolitical mindset in contemporary history.

"Modernity", "Tradition", and the Battleground of Gender in Early 20th-Century Damascus

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gelvin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Structures

AbstractIn early 20th-century Damascus, a group of religious scholars who called themselves mutadayyinūn (the "very pious") and who claimed to represent an Islamic "orthodoxy" launched a journal, al-Haqā'iq, to expose the crimes of the mutafarnijūn (the "overly Frankified") and to agitate for a return to "true Islam". According to the mutadayyinūn, the mutafarnijūn were introducing into the Ottoman Empire practices borrowed from the West and were thus abetting a Western conspiracy against the empire and Islam. Among the practices the mutadayyinūn found particularly irksome were those that threatened "traditional" and "scripturally-dictated" customs relating to gender, such as veiling and the seclusion of women. What becomes clear through an analysis of the debate, the reasons for its prominence on the pages of al-Haqā'iq, and the method and style of argumentation adopted by the mutadayyinūn, however, is that despite their claim to be the upholders of tradition, the mutadayyinūn relied on the same epistemic assumptions as those they castigated. Thus, unbeknownst to them, they were engaged in the process of inventing a religio-political synthesis coherent with contemporary social and political structures and institutions. The traces of this religio-political synthesis, later adopted or reinvented by others, remains embedded within the structures and institutions of the contemporary Syrian state.

scholarly journals ‘Nuestro criterio había de ser mucho más beneficioso para la ciencia’: Vives Escudero’s contribution to Phoenicio-Punic archaeology in the contemporary cultural context

Lvcentvm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Maria Mauro
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Central Question ◽  
The One

Antonio Vives Escudero is a key figure in understanding the rising interest in antiquities in early 20th-century Spain. However, scholars have more frequently acknowledged his role as a collector or antiquarian rather than his involvement in contemporary intellectual debate. On the one hand, it is true that, at this stage, it is difficult to discern antiquarianism from archaeology; additionally, such a categorisation contributed to underlining some of Vives’ strong points (e.g. his commercial instinct). Conversely, this interpretation has undermined his intellectual role, reducing the importance of his contribution to the development of Phoenicio-Punic archaeology in Spain. Therefore, the general aim of this contribution is twofold. It contextualises Vives into the wider scenario of the rising interest in Phoenicio-Punic archaeology and addresses the central question of whether, behind his commercial and collecting interests, he made a real contribution to the development of Phoenicio-Punic archaeology in Spain.

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