Posthumanistic trends in foreign science vs culturology?

The purpose of the article is to attract the attention of culturоlogists and cultural anthropologists to the possibility of reception of the problems and research lens of non-anthropocentric anthropology. In the last third of the ХХ – and early ХХІ centuries foreign non-anthropocentric anthropology has been in an active stage of conceptualization and institutionalization. And now its influence is continuing to grow. The article reveals the essence of such academic trends as anthropology without anthropocentrism, ontological turn in line with perspectivism, trans- аnd posthumanistic tendencies in the humanities, material turn, bio/animal turn, and others. The methodology within the framework of culturology and cultural studies is based on the conceptual foundations of non-anthropocentric anthropology, methods of empirical (observation, comparison), and theoretical research (abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction), etc. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that in the Ukrainian humanities, in particular in culturology and cultural studies, an analytical review of the genesis and essence of such a research approach as non-apocentric anthropology is carried out for the first time. As far as we know, the question of the need for the reception of the research optics of neo-centric anthropology by culturology is also raised for the first time. The article contains conceptual author’s tables also. Conclusions. The author believes that the reception of research on non-anthropocentric anthropology, the development of an appropriate conceptual apparatus, and revision of some key concepts of culturology in the light of modern scientific knowledge in a timely and promising area of research in culturology and cultural studies.

Book monument imprint: Identifying via foreign information resources

The author reviews foreign science publication, websites, digital databases, catalogs and methods to be used to specify imprints of book monuments and their history as exemplified by 16-th century collection of Russian Academy of Arts Library. The collection comprises over 60 books published in Western Europe; with the special attention to the collection in architecture, in particular books published by Sebastiano Serlio (1475 – c. 1554). To attribute the publications, the catalogs of foreign museums and libraries, bibliographic, fulltext, factographic and objectographic databases in the art market, e. g. ArtPrice, MutualArt, Invaluable, were used to reveal various guides in 16-th century architecture, catalogs of private collections, and auction sale catalogs. The author discusses the methods to use the identified sources to attribute book monuments, as exemplified by Sebastiano Serlio’s books in architecture, and to investigate into this area further.

The Distinction Between Law qnd Morality in Legal Positivism: Socio-Philosophical Dimension

The article deals with the main conceptions of the relationship between law and morality in legal positivism. The research relevance is caused by legal positivism which is influential and dynamically developing in both domestic and foreign science. The purpose of the study is to consider the features that describe the positivist approach to the differentiation between legal and moral regulation in the context of the dialectical interaction of individual and social principles in society. It presupposes the establishment of both general and special in legal positivism’s views regarding the interaction of these social regulators. Special attention is paid to the consideration of not only positive aspects of the proposed concepts but also the difficulty that arise within legal positivism. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method, the method of analysis, comparative and historical methods. These methods allow us to analyze in a historical perspective the development of views on the relationship between law and morality in legal positivism, to analyze specific features in the visions of the most influential philosophers of this doctrine, to identify common ideas that unite the philosophers considered. As a result of the conducted research, it is argued that legal positivism is characterized by the correlation of law and morality as sovereign socio-normative systems that closely interact in the structure of society, but do not have the necessary connection that mutually determines their content. The sovereign nature of legal and moral regulation implies the search for models of their interaction. It is important to determine the demarcation line of the spheres and limits of each social regulator. As a result, it is concluded that there are three possible models of this interaction, and the consequences of their implementation in society. In particular, it is determined that law and morality within the structure of society can be either indifferent to each other or have identical content realized through both regulation forms or be in relation to a contradiction adducing to a social conflict.

Scientometric indicators and features of evaluating the scholars’ scientific activity effectiveness using citation indices (review of domestic and foreign studies)

Topical problems of domestic and foreign science studies associated with the contradictions in evaluating the contribution of domestic scientists to the world science are considered. The erroneousness of the approaches caused by the priority evaluation of the scientific activity effectiveness of Russian scientists based on using international scientometric ratings and databases is shown. The main tools of traditional scientometrics are presented, methodological approaches to determining the researchers’ ratings based on scientometric indicators are shown. Various options for modifying the calculations of the Hirsch index values for different numbers of publications are described. It is shown that, on the basis of the considered indices, it becomes possible to evaluate a scientist’s publication activity by three ratings, namely: rating of significant works; rating of work intensity; a complex rating, including both ones. When establishing a rating, it is advisable to give preference to the index of basic publications. As a result of a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign studies, it is revealed that scientometrics is a real tool for analyzing and evaluating scientists’ activities, scientific organizations and educational institutions.

Prospective Sub-Centers for the Development of the St. Petersburg Metropolitan Area: Trends and Opportunities for Spatial Transformation

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the opportunities and formulate directions for the development of prospective centers within the St. Petersburg metropolitan area in the context of implementation of the polycentric development model.Tasks. The authors substantiate the need for a polycentric model for the development of the St. Petersburg metropolitan area; identify the features and directions of development of prospective sub-centers within the St. Petersburg metropolitan area at the current stage; formulate the limitations and directions of development of one of the agglomeration’s prospective subcenters — the Tosnensky municipal settlement.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, such as generalization, analysis, comparison, deduction and induction, methods of analytical assessment of statistics in the field of socio-economic development of territories, and analysis of fundamental scientific works of the Institute of Problems of Regional Economy of the RAS.Results. To form a polycentric model of the St. Petersburg metropolitan area, the authors propose developing its prospective sub-centers. The study mainly focuses on the Tosnensky municipal settlement, which represents the major directions of socio-economic development of this sub-center within the St. Petersburg metropolitan area in accordance with the chosen vector of territorial socio-economic development.Conclusions. Advanced foreign practices convincingly prove that the application of the polycentric model and the formation of prospective sub-centers for the development of metropolitan areas along with the heart of the agglomeration — a metropolis — are extremely relevant. From a strategic perspective, the examined sub-center can become a self-sufficient pole of the agglomeration’s economic growth. Examination of spatial aspects and formation of methodological and conceptual foundations for the development of agglomerations is a major fundamental research endeavor for Russian and foreign science.

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION AND TRANSLATION OF PUN

Many problems and tasks in the science of translation are still waiting to be solved. The issue of translation of the pun (word play) is also one of them. Although much research has been done in this field in foreign science to date, it has not yet been decided on the properties of a device like pun and it is acknowledged that there are different opinions about its etymology

The Category of Tense as a Universal Concept (Linguistic Overview)

The article considers the category of tense as a universal phenomenon from the point of view of linguistics. The tense category belongs to the number of universal concepts that play a crucial role in modern science, in all its disciplinary complexes: both natural, social and humanitarian. Not a single sphere of human activity is complete without contact with the reality of time. Everything that moves, changes, lives, acts, and thinks is spread through time in one form or another. But despite the obviousness of time as an objective phenomenon has given to us in sensations, which is undoubtedly confirmed by our individual experience, the conceptual understanding of time both in the history of philosophy and science gives rise to many different, sometimes opposite approaches and results. Analysis of the tense category is one of the most actively developed topics in Russian and foreign science. The problem of time interpretation has attracted researchers for its inexhaustibility and versatility. It will never lose its relevance since the concept of time, along with the concepts of space and motion, is one of the essential categories of the knowledge theory. The interpretation of time is inextricably linked with the most fundamental ideas of a person about reality — with the interpretation of being, the meaning of life, all human activity — both cognitive and practical.

What an Expert Needs to Know When Checking the Final Essay: Problems of Assessing the Integrity and Coherence of the Text

This article attempts to identify indicators of the categories "integrity of the text of a creative work (essay)", "coherence of the text of a creative work (essay)" on the basis of generalizing the results of research in domestic and foreign science. The author focuses on the importance of establishing a unified approach to assessing the integrity and coherence of the text of a school essay. The article contains fragments of methodological recommendations for an expert for checking and evaluating the text of an essay in accordance with indicators of integrity and coherence, illustrated with practical material.

Obligations of Corporation Members

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the obligations of corporation members in Russian and foreign law. In the Russian and foreign doctrines, attention is paid to the duties of directors or controlling persons. Therefore, the legal question of the obligation of the corporation members is of high scientific interest. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The author analyzed the doctrines of corporate law in Russian and foreign science. In the process of studying the obligations of the corporation members, the au- thor relied on systemic, comparative methods, and a problem-theoretical method of research. Results. Specific obligations of the corporation members are considered. The issues arising in the field of legal content and implementation of several obligations of the corporation members are outlined. The obligation to act in good faith has been differentiated from the obligation to pre- vent actions aimed at an abuse of rights. Based on the analysis of foreign literature, the fiduciary duty of the corporation members is demonstrated. The responsibilities of the corporation mem- bers for non-performance of obligations are also highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the research, the author concludes that the responsi- bilities of the corporation members should be divided into two categories, namely basic and addi- tional. The basic obligations of the corporation members should include the following: to prevent abuse of corporate rights, to act in good faith, to participate in the formation of the corporation’s property, not to disclose confidential information about the corporation’s activities, to notify the corporation and its members in advance of their intention to file a directive claim, and to disclose information. The obligation to act in good faith and the obligation to prevent actions aimed at abusing the right differ in their content. The fiduciary duty of the members of the corporation is, in fact, the same as the obligation to act in good faith. Failure by a member to comply with cor- porate obligations may entail the following measures of corporate responsibility: exclusion of the participant from the corporation, suspension of voting rights, financial sanctions.

On the issue of the synthesis of geopolitics and racialism in the early days of contemporary history

The purpose of the research is the consideration of the problem of synthesis of racialism and geopolitics in the late 19th - the early 20th century and the substantiation of such a new concept in geopolitics as geopolitical racialism which hasn’t been used before neither in Russian nor in foreign science. To solve this task, the author applies the fundamental geopolitical dualism methods to the analysis of supremacist and imperialist mindset typical for scientific and sociopolitical life in Britain and the U.S. of the considered period, which became a core for the formation of Anglo-Saxon exceptionality, and formed the basis for the foreign policy of these states. The author arrives at the conclusion that until recently, Anglo-Saxonism was considered as a result of the Western elites’ fascination with the ideas of social Darwinism rather than as a geopolitical form of racism, since its analysis was mostly based on the peculiarities of “blood and descendance” of Anglo-Saxon peoples rather than on their “thalassocratic nature” or the influence of natural and climatic factors on their development. The differentiating feature of continental geopolitics was, vice versa, not only distancing from social Darwinism, but also the repudiation of the possibility of ultimate victory in the struggle between the West and the East. Theoretical and practical importance of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of the works of the Western authors of the late 19th - the early 20th centuries, both already known and left out in the cold, the author substantiates the definition and characteristics of geopolitical racism in its Anglo-Saxon variant, upholding the supremacy of maritime powers (thalassocracies) over land powers (tellurocracies) predefined by geographical factors, which in many aspects predetermined the development of the Western geopolitical mindset in contemporary history.