Improvement of endothelial function and external respiration in patients with comorbidity of hypertension and stage III chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using nitric oxide donor — L-­arginine

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
L.A. Dron ◽  
I.H. Kupnovytska
Author(s):  
М.Е. Дьякова ◽  
Н.Б. Серебряная ◽  
Л.Д. Кирюхина ◽  
Д.С. Эсмедляева ◽  
П.К. Яблонский

Актуальность. Учитывая важность пуриновой регуляции воспалительного процесса, раскрытие её участия в патогенезе хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких (ХОБЛ) может дать дополнительную информацию о патофизиологических механизмах воспаления и компенсации, приводящих к развитию ХОБЛ на фоне хронического воспаления, поддерживаемого туберкулёзной инфекцией. Цель настоящего исследования - выявить связь параметров аденозинового метаболизма с характеристиками окислительного взрыва, генерацией оксида азота и функциональными показателями внешнего дыхания у больных туберкулёзом лёгких в сочетании с ХОБЛ. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены мужчины активные курильщики с верифицированным диагнозом туберкулёз лёгких (ТЛ) и ТЛ в сочетании с ХОБЛ (ТЛ+ХОБЛ). Пуриновый метаболизм оценивали по активности аденозиндезаминазы (АДА-1 и АДА-2) в сыворотке крови (экто-АДА), мононуклеарах (мн) и нейтрофилах (нф), уровню экто-5’-нуклеотидазы (экто-5’-НК) в сыворотке крови, CD26 (дипептидилпептидазы-4, ДПП-4) в сыворотке и мононуклеарах. Окислительный взрыв фагоцитов оценивали по тесту восстановления нитросинего тетразолия (НСТ-тесту). Генерацию оксида азота - по концентрации метаболитов NO в сыворотке крови, мононуклеарах и нейтрофилах. Результаты. У больных ТЛ и ТЛ+ХОБЛ получены разнонаправленные изменения концентрации внеклеточного аденозина (рост активности экто-АДА-2, уровня экто-5’-НТ, снижение активности экто-АДА-1), в то время как внутриклеточные концентрации этого медиатора могут быть повышены (снижение активности АДА-1 и CD26 (ДПП-4) мононуклеаров). У больных ТЛ+ХОБЛ выявлено усиление респираторного взрыва мононуклеаров и нейтрофилов. У больных ТЛ регистрировали усиление продукции реактивных радикалов кислорода только в индуцированном НСТ-тесте нейтрофилов. В обеих группах отмечено значимое снижение продукции нитритов и нитратов как в моноцитах, так и нейтрофилах. У больных ТЛ параметры функции внешнего дыхания (ФВД) были связаны с активностью экто-5’-НТ и неспецифической пептидазы CD26 (ДПП-4), с продукцией нитритов нейтрофилами и моноцитами. В то время как у больных ТЛ+ХОБЛ показатели ФВД были ассоциированы с активностью экто-АДА-1 и АДА-1 в моноцитах, с сывороточной продукцией нитратов и продукцией нитритов нейтрофилами. Выводы. У больных ТЛ нарушение ФВД связано с избыточным образованием аденозина при чрезмерной активации формирующих его ферментов, а также с продукцией нитритов нейтрофилами и моноцитами, активных участников бактерицидных реакций, направленных против микобактерии туберкулеза (МБТ). Тогда как при ТЛ+ХОБЛ ведущим является нарушение деградации аденозина при снижении активности АДА-1, развитие эндотелиальной дисфункции и изменение функционального состояния нейтрофилов. Таким образом, разработка целенаправленных воздействий, приводящие к нормализации пуринергического обмена у больных ТЛ, в частности, к увеличению активности изоформы АДА-1, сможет обеспечить либо превенцию с ХОБЛ, либо, у лиц с уже развывшейся патологией, привести к стабилизации процесса. Background: Purine regulation plays an important role in inflammation. Therefore, disclosing the role of purine regulation in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may provide additional information about inflammation pathophysiology and compensation, which lead to COPD in chronic inflammation supported by tuberculosis infection. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship of adenosine metabolic indexes with characteristics of an oxidative burst, nitric oxide generation and functional parameters of external respiration (ER) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with COPD. Materials and methods. The study included male active smokers with a verified diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and PT in combination with COPD (PT+COPD). Purine metabolism was evaluated by adenosine deaminase (ADA-1 and ADA-2) activity in serum (ecto-ADA), mononuclear cells (mnc), and neutrophils (nph); serum concentration of ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’-NT); and serum and mnc concentrations of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, DPP-4). Oxidative burst in phagocytes was evaluated by the nitroblue tetrazolium conversion test (NBT-test). Nitric oxide generation - by concentrations of NO metabolites in blood serum, mnc, and nph. Results. Patients with PT and PT+COPD had multidirectional changes in extracellular adenosine concentration (increased activity of ecto-ADA-2, level of ecto-5’-NT, decreased activity of ecto-ADA-1). At the same time, intracellular adenosine concentrations could be increased (decreased mnc activities of ADA-1 and CD26 (DPP-4)). In patients with PT+COPD, the respiratory burst was observed only in mnc and nph. In patients with PT, increased production of reactive oxygen species was observed only in nph in the inductive NBT-test. In both groups, the nitrite and nitrate production significantly decreased both in monocytes and nph. In patients with PT, parameters of external respiration (ER) were linked to ecto-5’-NT and nonspecific peptidase CD26 (DPP-4) activities and to nitrite production by nph and monocytes. At the same time, in patients with PT+COPD, ER indexes were linked to monocyte activities of ecto-ADA-1 and ADA-1 and to serum nitrate and nph nitrite. Conclusion. In PT patients, impaired ER was associated with excessive formation of adenosine and excessive activation of adenosine-forming enzymes, as well as with nitrite production by nph and monocytes, which are active participants in bactericidal reactions directed against mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). However, in PT+COPD, the leading factor is impaired adenosine degradation with decreased ADA-1 activity, development of endothelial dysfunction, and changed nph functionality. Therefore, development of targeted means for normalizing the purinergic metabolism in patients with PT, specifically, by increasing the ADA-1 isoform activity, may provide either prevention in COPD or stabilization of the process in patients with already developed pathology.


2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (51) ◽  
pp. 2083-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Antus

A kilégzett levegőben mérhető nitrogén-monoxid a legszélesebb körben vizsgált légúti biomarker. A stabil állapotú krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid-szint hasonló vagy csak kismértékben emelkedett az egészségesekhez képest. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint szoros összefüggést mutat a légúti eosinophilia mértékével, és mivel az eosinophil típusú légúti gyulladás szteroidokra érzékenyebb, az emelkedett nitrogén-monoxid-szinttel rendelkező betegek jobb válaszkészséget mutatnak az inhalációs vagy szisztémás kortikoszteroidkezelésre. A krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegség akut exacerbatiója során a kilégzett nitrogén-monoxid szintje megemelkedik, majd ennek kezelése után csökken. Mivel a nitrogén-monoxid-szint és a kezelés során elért légzésfunkciós javulás szoros korrelációt mutat egymással, a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a terápiás válasz megjósolható. Összefoglalva: a nitrogén-monoxid-méréssel a krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben szenvedő betegek olyan alcsoportját lehet elkülöníteni, amelynek szteroidérzékenysége nagyobb. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 151, 2083–2088.


MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are a common pathology among respiratory diseases. Both conditions may have common risk factors, aggravating each other, accom-panied by the development of bronchial obstructive syndrome, requiring mandatory medical correction to increase the effectiveness of therapy for both the main and concomitant pathologies. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of treatment of TB in patients with COPD first diagnosed with tuberculosis, including those associated with HIV when prescribing long-acting β2-agonists. Materials and methods. A simple com-parative study included 60 patients of a TB dispensary aged 30–65 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 people (TB+COPD and TB+COPD+HIV), each of whom for 2 months received a long-acting β-agonist (indacaterol) as an accompanying therapy for the cor-rection of bronchial obstructive syndrome (BOS), with subsequent assessment of the effectiveness of therapy. Results. Subjectively, patients of both groups noted the rapid development of positive dynamics (short-ness of breath decreased from 1–3 days of taking the drug, coughing — within a week, tolerance to physical exertion improved), which was confirmed by indica-tors of the function of external respiration (FEV1). The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure (BPM). In the COPD+TB group, there is a certain average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) with a tendency to nor-malize indicators, which is possibly associated with a decrease in the severity of hypoxia during bronchodi-lator therapy. In the COPD+TB+HIV group, the average daily level of SBP increased by 1 mm Hg, but given the very low starting rates, the increase in blood pressure had a positive effect on the patients' condition. The average heart rate (HR) during bronchodilator thera-py did not tend to increase. The best TB treatment re-sults were obtained in the TB+COPD group. In terms of the closure rate of TB+COPD decay cavities — 26.6%, TB+COPD+HIV — 20.0%), the TB+COPD+HIV group had longer periods of abacillation and closure of decay cav-ities, which is associa ted with the severity of the under-lying and associated diseases. The drug was well toler-ated in both groups. Conclusion. The use of 300 mcg long-acting β-adrenomimetics in the complex therapy of β2-adrenergic agonists for patients with TB+COPD and TB+ COPD+HIV can reduce the severity of bronchial obstruction syndrome, improve quality of life, increase adherence to TB treatment, thereby shortening hospi-talization and reduce the likelihood of disability of pa-tients, without the development of side effects from other organs and systems.


2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav S. Lotkov ◽  
Anton Vladimirovich Glazistov ◽  
Antonina G. Baykova ◽  
Marina Yuryevna Vostroknutova ◽  
Natalia E. Lavrentieva

The formation and progression of chronic dust bronchitis and chronic bronchitis of toxic-chemical etiology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is accompanied by an increase in the degree of ventilation disorders, echocardiographic signs of hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle are formed, typical for chronic pulmonary heart disease. The progression of disturbances in the function of external respiration in dusty lung diseases leads to a decrease in myocardial contractility. The detection of hemodynamic disturbances at the early stages of the development of occupational lung diseases indicates the need for individual monitoring of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in the process of contact with industrial aerosols, especially in groups of workers with long-term exposure.


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