Mango malformation: A fungal disease, physiological disorder or malady of stress

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the important commercial crops occupying a prominent place among various fruit crops. Mango malformation is a crucial malady in mango production leading to heavy economic loss. Malformation occurs in vegetative as well as floral tissue, later being virulent leading to loss of entire crop. Fusarium moniliforme is suggested as dominant causal agent of the disease although association of ‘stress ethylene’ with disease occurrence has also been studied. Fungal pathogens responsible for the malady are known to elevate the level of ‘stress ethylene’ in malformed plants. Various reports have been put forward to explain the etiology and control measures of the disease but nature and management of the disease is still a mystery. Hence, the present review aims at offering information regarding aspects of development and management of mango malformation.

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Fascioliasis and Strongylatoses of Cattle: Economic Loss and Control Measures

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.s3.56.62 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (s3) ◽

Author(s):

Ekaterina Klimova ◽

Mikhail Kudrin ◽

Tatyana Krylova ◽

Elena Maksimova ◽

Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Mikheeva

Keyword(s):

Economic Loss ◽

Control Measures ◽

And Control

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Risk analysis of lumpy skin disease in Turkey

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.9370 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ömer Baris Ince ◽

Serkan Çakir ◽

Mehmet Ali Dereli

Keyword(s):

Risk Analysis ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Animal Health ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Control Measures ◽

Lumpy Skin Disease ◽

The World ◽

Potential Risks ◽

And Control

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Turkish cattle appeared suddenly two years ago. This study evaluates potential risks of LSD and recommends appropriate control measures. The World Animal Health Organization’s protocol was used for the risk analysis. Likelihoods for disease release and exposure were estimated with a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Outbreaks were recorded in nine provinces in Turkey. Total economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be $241.903.500 US dollars. The risk analysis suggests a greater than negligible risk. Therefore, disease prevention and control strategies should be considered by the Turkish Veterinary Authority.

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Analysis and Forecasting of Fire incidence in Davao City

Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal ◽

10.32871/rmrj2008.02.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

Merlito Villa ◽

◽

Roel Ceballos ◽

Keyword(s):

Historical Data ◽

Economic Loss ◽

The Philippines ◽

Control Measures ◽

Forecasting Model ◽

Fire Prevention ◽

Loss Of Life ◽

Planning And Control ◽

And Control ◽

Fire Incidence

Fire incidence is a big problem for every local government unit in the Philippines. The two most detrimental effects of fire incidence are economic loss and loss of life. To mitigate these losses, proper planning and implementation of control measures must be done. An essential aspect of planning and control measures is prediction of possible fire incidences. This study is conducted to analyze the historical data to create a forecasting model for the fire incidence in Davao City. Results of the analyses show that fire incidence has no trend or seasonality, and occurrences of fire are neither consistently increasing nor decreasing over time. Furthermore, the absence of seasonality in the data indicate that surge of fire incidence may occur at any time of the year. Therefore, fire prevention activities should be done all year round and not just during fire prevention month.

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Effect of humidity on growth and development of fungal pathogens of ripening dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) at Khairpur, Pakistan

Plant Protection ◽

10.33804/pp.004.01.3168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirza Hussain ◽

Noor Jehan Ismailli ◽

Absar Mithal Jiskani

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Date Palm ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Control Measures ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽

Low Humidity ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

And Control

Pakistan is regarded as one of the top ranked date palm cultivated regions of the world. In Sindh province of Pakistan, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is mainly cultivated in Khairpur. Date palm holds a significant position in the socio-economic development at Khairpur where several thousand peoples are associated directly or indirectly with date palm cultivation, trade and market. Date palm requires high temperature and low humidity from flowering to fruiting and no rainfall during ripening. Unfortunately, in district Khairpur, during the period of rainfall, humidity becomes very high and temperature decreases. The periods of high humidity provide favorable conditions for the growth and development of fungal pathogens which cause severe losses in yield and quality of fruits. The present study was, therefore, conducted to find out the effect of humidity on the growth and development of fungal pathogens in three cultivars of dates viz. Aseel, Kupro and Khar at ripening stage due to moisturized weather conditions at Sobho Dero Taluka of district Khairpur. The symptoms of fungal attack such as cracking, blackening, blemishes and spoilage were observed on ripened fruits. Three fungi viz. Fusarium poae, Alternaria tenuis and Aspergillus niger were isolated from infected samples of three selected cultivars. The frequencies of occurrence of these fungi were 5.66, 6.33 and 8.33 respectively. It is concluded that incidence and prevalence of fungal pathogens greatly increased during rainy season which demand stringent surveillance and control measures to minimize the damage

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Effectiveness of a proteoliposome-based vaccine against salmonid rickettsial septicaemia in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00982-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mario Caruffo ◽

Sonia Vidal ◽

Leonardo Santis ◽

Daniela Siel ◽

Oliver Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Chilean Isolate ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Cd8 Cell ◽

And Control

AbstractSalmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) is a contagious disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, an intracellular bacterium. SRS causes an estimated economic loss of $700 million USD to the Chilean industry annually. Vaccination and antibiotic therapy are the primary prophylactic and control measures used against SRS. Unfortunately, commercially available SRS vaccines have not been shown to have a significant effect on reducing mortality. Most vaccines contain whole inactivated bacteria which results in decreased efficacy due to the limited ability of the vaccine to evoke a cellular mediated immune response that can eliminate the pathogen or infected cells. In addition, SRS vaccine efficacy has been evaluated primarily with Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon). Vaccine studies using Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) are scarce, despite SRS being the leading cause of infectious death for this species. In this study, we evaluate an injectable vaccine based on P. salmonis proteoliposome; describing the vaccine security profile, capacity to induce specific anti-P. salmonis IgM and gene expression of immune markers related to T CD8 cell-mediated immunity. Efficacy was determined by experimental challenge with P. salmonis intraperitoneally. Our findings indicate that a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine is able to protect O. mykiss against challenge with a P. salmonis Chilean isolate and causes a specific antibody response. The transcriptional profile suggests that the vaccine is capable of inducing cellular immunity. This study provides new insights into O. mykiss protection and the immune response induced by a P. salmonis proteoliposome-based vaccine.

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Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit183865 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 219-222

Author(s):

Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽

Chitra K. ◽

J. Magelin Mary

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Transmission ◽

Standard Guideline ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

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Diseases of the kumara crop

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4845 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 402-402

Author(s):

S.L. Lewthwaite ◽

P.J. Wright

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Root Surface ◽

Black Rot ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽

Pink Rot

The predominant diseases of the commercial kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop are caused by fungal pathogens The field disease pink rot results from infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lesions form on vines but may spread down stems to the roots The widespread nature of this disease in sweetpotato appears peculiar to New Zealand Scurf is a disease caused by Monilochaetes infuscans which occurs in the field but may proliferate amongst stored roots The disease causes a superficial discolouration of the root surface which is mainly cosmetic but can also increase root water loss in storage Infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata produces a disease known as black rot The disease can be transmitted amongst plants at propagation but is particularly rampant amongst roots in storage This disease is readily transmitted and can cause severe economic loss Fusarium oxysporum causes surface rots in stored roots characterised by light to dark brown lesions that tend to be firm dry and superficial The lesions may be circular and centred on wounds caused by insects or mechanical damage at harvest Soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer generally occurs in roots after they are washed and prepared for the market Fungal infection occurs through wounds or bruised tissue producing distinctive tufts of white fungal strands and black spores

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