Elementary Estimates: An Introduction to Nonparametrics

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Gottfried E. Noether
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Scale Parameters ◽  
Bivariate Data ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Regression Parameters ◽  
The One

The paper presents a unified approach to some of the more popular nonparametric methods in current use. The approach provides the reader with new insights by exhibiting relationships to relevant population parameters, such as location and scale parameters for the one- and two-sample problems and regression parameters for bivariate data. For each parameter, a set of so-called elementary estimates is defined. The elementary estimates are then used to determine point estimates, confidence intervals, and test statistics for testing relevant nonparametric hypotheses. Among the tests discussed are the sign test, the Wilcoxon one- and two-sample tests, and Kendall’s test of independence.

scholarly journals A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trafimow
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Major Section

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

Hollywood Rules

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Karl Schmedders ◽  
Charlotte Snyder ◽  
Ute Schaedel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Fund Manager ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Hedge Fund Manager

Wall Street hedge fund manager Kim Meyer is considering investing in an SFA (slate financing arrangement) in Hollywood. Dave Griffith, a Hollywood producer, is pitching for the investment and has conducted a broad analysis of recent movie data to determine the important drivers of a movie’s success. In order to convince Meyer to invest in an SFA, Griffith must anticipate possible questions to maximize his persuasiveness.Students will analyze the factors driving a movie’s revenue using various statistical methods, including calculating point estimates, computing confidence intervals, conducting hypothesis tests, and developing regression models (in which they must both choose the relevant set of independent variables as well as determine an appropriate functional form for the regression equation). The case also requires the interpretation of the quantitative findings in the context of the application.

scholarly journals Earthquake forecasting: statistics and information

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gertsik ◽  
Mark Kelbert ◽  
Anatoly Krichevets
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Random Fields ◽  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Point Estimates

<div class="abstract"><div class="abstract_item"><p>The paper presents a decision rule forming a mathematical basis of earthquake forecasting problem. We develop an axiomatic approach to earthquake forecasting in terms of multicomponent random fields on a lattice. This approach provides a method for constructing point estimates and confidence intervals for conditional probabilities of strong earthquakes under conditions on the levels of precursors. Also, it provides an approach for setting a multilevel alarm system and hypothesis testing for binary alarms. We use a method of comparison for different algorithms of earthquake forecasts in terms of the increase of Shannon information. ‘Forecasting’ (the calculation of the probabilities) and ‘prediction’ (the alarm declaring) of earthquakes are equivalent in this approach.</p></div></div>

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN KADER POSYANDU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN BUKU KIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Dewi Zolekhah ◽  
Liberty Barokah ◽  
Elvika Fit Ari Shanti
Keyword(s):  
Sign Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
The One

Buku KIA merupakan buku yang berisi catatan kesehatan ibu dan anak yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak melalui upaya mendeteksi secara dini adanya masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kader diharuskan untuk membaca dan secara bertahap mempelajari buku KIA yang merupakan petunjuk nasional setelah mereka melakukan kegiatan Posyandu sebagai evaluasi atas apa yang telah mereka kerjakan. Terbatasnya informasi dan pelatihan kader yang kurang menyebabkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader tentang penggunaan buku KIA rendah. Tujuaan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dengan model pembelajraan kooperatif terhadap keterampilan kader dalam menggunakan buku KIA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimental dengan rancangan (The One Group Pretest Posttest) dengan populasi 30 kader Posyandu sebagai sampel di wilayah kerja Puskesmas. Analisis data menggunakan Wilxocon Sign test, didapatkan p value (0,000) < 0,005. Hasil uji prasyarat parametrik untuk data keterampilan didapatkan data tidak berdistribusi normal, analisis data menggunakan wilcoxon, didapatkan hasil nilai p value 0,000 < 0,005 sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna keterampilan kader sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap keterampilan kader posyandu  dalam menggunakan buku KIA.

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: Ramifications, Ruminations and Recommendations

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Huysamen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameter ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Size Estimates

Criticisms of traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) became more pronounced during the 1960s and reached a climax during the past decade. Among others, NHST says nothing about the size of the population parameter of interest and its result is influenced by sample size. Estimation of confidence intervals around point estimates of the relevant parameters, model fitting and Bayesian statistics represent some major departures from conventional NHST. Testing non-nil null hypotheses, determining optimal sample size to uncover only substantively meaningful effect sizes and reporting effect-size estimates may be regarded as minor extensions of NHST. Although there seems to be growing support for the estimation of confidence intervals around point estimates of the relevant parameters, it is unlikely that NHST-based procedures will disappear in the near future. In the meantime, it is widely accepted that effect-size estimates should be reported as a mandatory adjunct to conventional NHST results.

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