Visions and Re-Visions of Charles Joseph Minard

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Friendly
Keyword(s):  
Information Visualization ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Statistical Graphics ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
Thematic Cartography ◽  
Flow Map

Charles Joseph Minard is most widely known for a single work—his poignant flow-map depiction of the fate of Napoleon’s Grand Army in the disastrous Russian campaign of 1812. In fact, Minard was a true pioneer in thematic cartography and in statistical graphics; he developed many novel graphic forms to depict data, always with the goal to let the data “speak to the eyes.” This article reviews Minard’s contributions to statistical graphics, the time course of his work, and some background behind the famous March on Moscow graphic. This article also looks at some modern revisions of this graph from an information visualization perspective and examines some lessons this graphic provides as a test case for the power and expressiveness of computer systems or languages for graphic information display and visualization.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Feeding Bioassay for Lepidoptera Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inoussa Sanané ◽  
Judith Legrand ◽  
Christine Dillmann ◽  
Frédéric Marion-Poll
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Leaf Disk ◽  
Source Image ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Camera Holder

AbstractFinding plant cultivars that are resistant or tolerant against lepidopteran pests, takes time, effort and is costly. We present here a high throughput leaf-disk consumption assay system, to screen plants for resistance or chemicals for their deterrence. A webcam capturing images at regular intervals can follow the feeding activities of 150 larvae placed into individual cages. We developed a computer program running under an open source image analysis program to analyze and measure the surface of each leaf disk over time. We further developed new statistical procedures to analyze the time course of the feeding activities of the larvae and to compare them between treatments. As a test case, we compared how European corn borer larvae respond to a commercial antifeedant containing azadirachtin, and to quinine, which is a bitter alkaloid for many organisms. As expected, increasing doses of azadirachtin reduced and delayed feeding. However, quinine was poorly effective at the range of concentrations tested (10–5 M to 10–2 M). The model cage, the camera holder, the plugins, and the R scripts are freely available, and can be modified according to the users’ needs.

Deterministic Modeling in Medicine

2009 ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maschke-Dutz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Metabolic Control Analysis ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Apoptosis

In this chapter basic mathematical methods for the deterministic kinetic modeling of biochemical systems are described. Mathematical analysis methods, the respective algorithms, and appropriate tools and resources, as well as established standards for data exchange, model representations and definitions are presented. The methods comprise time-course simulations, steady state search, parameter scanning, and metabolic control analysis among others. An application is demonstrated using a test case model that describes parts of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and a small example network demonstrates an implementation of metabolic control analysis.

41.4: Meta-Information Visualization in Geographic Information Display Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pfautz ◽  
Adam Fouse ◽  
Kurt Shuster ◽  
Ann Bisantz ◽  
Emilie Roth
Keyword(s):  
Information Visualization ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Display Systems

scholarly journals Técnicas para la visualización de dominios científicos y tecnológicos

2018 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Maidelyn Díaz Pérez ◽  
Félix De Moya Anegón ◽  
Humberto Andrés Carrillo-Calvet
Keyword(s):  
Information Visualization ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Technology Trends ◽  
Selection Of

Esta investigación consiste en una revisión de aspectos considerados como los más importantes en el desarrollo y evolución de la visualización de información en la representación de dominios científicos. Su objetivo es distinguir las técnicas más apropiadas para visualizar dominios, pero, en este caso, no de información científica (artículos), sino de información tecnológica (patentes). Esta investigación compila teorías, tendencias y contribuciones relevantes sobre visualización de información, en particular análisis referentes a la visualización bibliométrica y algunas apreciaciones significativas sobre las principales técnicas de visualización utilizadas para el análisis de dominios científicos, principalmente tecnológicos. Esto permite llegar a conclusiones que asisten la selección de las técnicas más adecuadas para visualizar la producción tecnológica de diferentes dominios, teniendo como valor agregado un inventario de las principales tendencias científicas y tecnológicas más relevantes en la visualización de dominios en el campo de la ciencia de la información.AbstractThis research consists of a review of issues considered most important in the development and evolution of the information display in the representation of scientific domains. It aims to distinguish the most appropriate techniques to display domains, but in this case, no Scientific Information (articles) but of Information Technology (patents). This research compiledtheories, trends and relevant contributions on information visualization, especially concerning bibliometric analysis and display some significant insights into the main visualization techniques used for analysis, mainly technological and scientific domains. This allows conclusions to attend the selection of the most appropriate techniques to display the technological production of different domains, taking as an added value an inventory of the main display most relevant domains in the field of information science and technology trends.

scholarly journals Formation of a generalized semantic network of concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Valerii Onyshchenko ◽  
Yana Korolova ◽  
Andrii Nosyk
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Mathematical Linguistics ◽  
Image Description ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Approach

The subject of research is the features of formation of a generalized semantic network of concepts. The purpose of article is to substantiate the composition and main types of nodes and relationships characteristic of the semantic network of concepts, as well as the formation of a generalized semantic network of concepts for structural and linguistic recognition of images in computer systems and networks. Research methods: methods of the theory of mathematical logic, mathematical linguistics and set theory; methods of information visualization using graphs. Results: an approach to the formation of a generalized semantic network of structural and linguistic concepts of contour images of objects obtained at different shooting angles is proposed; the substantiation of the composition and types of nodes and relations, characteristic of the semantic network of concepts, has been carried out; the basic principles of constructing a semantic network of structural and linguistic concepts of recognition objects are formulated. Conclusions: To construct an image description that corresponds to the concept of semantic information processing and can be used in systems for collecting relevant images in computer systems and networks, it is advisable to use a structural-linguistic approach to recognition using a generalized semantic network of concepts. The use of this network in the classification and identification of objects can significantly expand the range of images accepted for consideration, taking into account different directions of shooting and different angles of camera deviation from nadir position.

VVER 1000 Severe Accident Analyses Using MELCOR Code

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Ruščák ◽  
Guido Mazzini ◽  
Milos Kynčl ◽  
Sevastyan Savanyuk ◽  
Miroslav Hrehor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Station Blackout ◽  
Accident Scenarios

This work describes the computer model development of the water–water energetic reactor (VVER) 1000 nuclear power plant (NPP) in the methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) 1.8.6 code and its subsequent use for the accident scenarios analysis leading to the core melting. The baseline accident scenario was a stress test case—the station blackout (SBO, the complete loss of alternating current electric power in a nuclear power plant). In addition to this, four other scenarios were analyzed in which the SBO was combined with other technological failures—the loss of steam generator feedwater system and small, medium, and large break coolant accidents (LOCA). The results provided detailed information on the time course of accident scenarios, their temperature and pressure parameters, hydrogen production, and the mass inventory released from the molten corium and debris into the containment of the NPP.

scholarly journals The Effects of Length and Orientation on Numerical Representation in Flow Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Lin ◽  
Chengqi Xue ◽  
Yafeng Niu ◽  
Xiaozhou Zhou ◽  
Yanfei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Information Visualization ◽  
User Study ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Flow Map

Flow maps are a common type of geographic information visualization in which lines that symbolize flow are typically varied in width to represent differences in the magnitude of the flow. An accurate perception of thickness is critical to numerical representation in flow maps. Previous studies have identified some of the factors, such as horizontal–vertical visual illusions and color size effects, that affect the perceived size of objects. However, the question of whether multiple visual variables that encode flow lines, such as length, orientation, and shape, interfere with their perceived thicknesses, remains unanswered. In this study, we performed a user study to determine the effect of length and orientation on thickness perception. The result indicates that the horizontal orientation is perceived to be thicker than the vertical orientation, and a short length is perceived to be thicker than a long length. Furthermore, we report and discuss other results (e.g., on adjustment direction) that are consistent with previous work. Although this study constitutes basic research, accumulating evidence on thickness perception is essential to this field of science. This study may contribute to our understanding of the factors that influence the perception of the thickness of lines on a flow map. We provide some concrete guidelines for the design of flow maps that may be beneficial to map designers.

scholarly journals FLOW-MAP: a graph-based, force-directed layout algorithm for trajectory mapping in single-cell time course datasets

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa E. Ko ◽  
Corey M. Williams ◽  
Kristen I. Fread ◽  
Sarah M. Goggin ◽  
Rohit S. Rustagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Layout Algorithm ◽  
Trajectory Mapping ◽  
Flow Map

scholarly journals Likelihood free inference for Markov processes: a comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Owen ◽  
Darren J. Wilkinson ◽  
Colin S. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Monte Carlo Techniques ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
System A ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Impact

AbstractApproaches to Bayesian inference for problems with intractable likelihoods have become increasingly important in recent years. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and “likelihood free” Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are popular methods for tackling inference in these scenarios but such techniques are computationally expensive. In this paper we compare the two approaches to inference, with a particular focus on parameter inference for stochastic kinetic models, widely used in systems biology. Discrete time transition kernels for models of this type are intractable for all but the most trivial systems yet forward simulation is usually straightforward. We discuss the relative merits and drawbacks of each approach whilst considering the computational cost implications and efficiency of these techniques. In order to explore the properties of each approach we examine a range of observation regimes using two example models. We use a Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model to explore the impact of full or partial species observations using various time course observations under the assumption of known and unknown measurement error. Further investigation into the impact of observation error is then made using a Schlögl system, a test case which exhibits bi-modal state stability in some regions of parameter space.

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