scholarly journals BIOGEOCHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LANDFILL FRACTION GENERATED BY MECHANICAL WASTE SORTING

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
Emelie Andersson ◽  
Marit Jobs ◽  
Anders Lagerkvist ◽  
Lennart Elfgren
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Mixed Waste

As the resource recovery from mixed waste streams are performed, new mixed waste streams are generated. Some of these waste streams does not fit well to existing waste management options, for example, they may hold a to low heating value to sustain combustion and they may have a too high carbon content to be accepted at non-hazardous landfills. Also various health and pollution risks may arise as well as practical handling issues due to the physical properties of such wastes. One such waste is the under sieve fraction generated when recovering metals and fuel from mixed waste streams using mechanical and magnetic separation tools. Such mechanical sorting is typically used for mixed wastes of different properties and particle sizes, such as houshold bulky wastes, construction and demolition waste, and at landfill mining materials. In this work, we examine the properties of one case of mechanical sorting of bulky wastes, including construction and demolition wastes. We analyse a broad spectrum of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties as well as some biological. Based on the data we develop recommendations for landfilling, what potential problems might arise and how to counteract them.

scholarly journals Composition of Plastic Fractions in Waste Streams: Toward More Efficient Recycling and Utilization

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Marko Hyvärinen ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Global Goal

Reuse of materials is a significant global goal that contributes to sustainable development. Polymer-specific plastic identification from the waste stream is examined in this study to achieve environmentally optimistic reuse of plastic material in secondary applications. Two diverse waste streams, 86.11 kg of construction and demolition waste (CDW) plastic and 57.74 kg of mechanically sorted plastic, were analyzed by using a handheld tool whose identification technology was based on the near-infrared spectrum. The study indicates a significant effect of human and single fraction on manual separation. The polymer composition in the plastic waste stream varied depending on the source, but the most common plastic grades, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), were represented in every waste stream. The waste stream also included unidentified and unfavorable wastes, which indicates that identification of the plastic fractions is needed and more studies should be done in this field in the future.

The Operational and Environmental Consequences of the Polystyrene Insulation Disposal

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Jan Pasek ◽  
Martin Casensky ◽  
Jakub Stransky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Future Production

In connection with the significant volume of polystyrene embedded in buildings as thermal insulation, in the next few years it will be needed to solve the matter of its disposal after the end of its life cycle. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) has been used as a flame retardant in polystyrene thermal insulation (EPS and XPS) for the last 50 years. The internationally recognized Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants prohibits future production, use and recycling of materials that contain HBCDD. It also, to a large extent, limits the options of waste management of such materials. European legislation, in particular Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 and the so called REACH Directive, established a binding legal framework for EU Member States which reduces waste management options of material containing HCDBB practically only to incineration. In the coming years, this fact requests fundamental changes in disposal of construction and demolition waste containing the polystyrene insulation and related processes on construction sites in the Czech Republic. The research is based on the analysis of the international and the Czech legislation related to this issue, and the analysis of material and technological context. The paper focuses on possible operational, economic, energy and environmental impact on the construction industry and environment, and compares the current situation in the Czech Republic with other European countries, and assesses the readiness of the Czech Republic to deal with the upcoming legislation changes.

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of geopolymers from assorted construction and demolition waste-based masonry and glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 124358
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Ulugöl ◽  
Anıl Kul ◽  
Gürkan Yıldırım ◽  
Mustafa Şahmaran ◽  
Alper Aldemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste

Re-cycling of construction and demolition waste and steel slag: characterization of the durability

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699-1711
Author(s):  
António José Roque ◽  
Gonçalo Manuel Rodrigues ◽  
Paula F. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste

Landfill investigation using geophysical methods for an improved characterization of the landfill geometry and for assessing microbiological activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Aigner ◽  
Jakob Gallistl ◽  
Matthias Steiner ◽  
Christian Brandstätter ◽  
Johann Fellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic

<p>The release of landfill gas is responsible for approximately 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Especially a high content of organic matter in municipal solid waste (MSW) in wet areas may enhance the microbial activity and the production of landfill gas and leachate as metabolic products. Accordingly, the delineation of saturated zones and biogeochemically active and inactive areas is critical for designing adequate stabilization systems to limit the environmental impact of landfills on greenhouse gas production. Therefore, landfill investigations with high spatial resolution are critical for environmental protection. Geophysical methods are a cost-efficient possibility to obtain almost continuous information about subsurface properties at various spatial scales, which can help to identify biogeochemical active zones. Within this case study we investigate the applicability of three geophysical methods, namely (i) the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), (ii) the induced polarization (IP) method and (iii) the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method to characterize the landfill geometry and to discriminate between biogeochemically active and inactive areas. The investigated landfill is located close to Vienna (Austria) and consists of a mixture of MSW, construction and demolition waste (CDW) and excavated soil. We conducted ERT and IP measurements along 17 profiles distributed over the area of the landfill to provide high resolution images of the subsurface down to 8 m depth. Additionally, we used transient electromagnetic measurements along selected profiles to provide information on deeper structures of the landfill as well as to evaluate the electrical conductivity obtained with ERT. Our results show that the electrical conductivity obtained by both ERT and TEM is mainly sensitive to the increase in the fluid conductivity associated to leachate production and migration. Additionally, a decrease in electrical conductivity is associated to CDW and dry MSW and can help to distinguish between different waste types. However, images of the polarization effect obtained with the IP method, expressed in terms of the phase of the complex conductivity, revealed an improved contrast to characterize variations in the architecture and biogeochemical activity of the landfill. Hence, our study demonstrates that the geophysical methods we applied are well-suited for landfill investigations permitting an improved characterization of landfill geometry and variation in waste composition. In particular, the IP method can delineate between biogeochemically active and inactive zones.</p>

scholarly journals Acid Resistance of Lightweight Brick Powder Based Alkali Activated Material from Construction and Demolition Wastes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Tai Wan ◽  
Amende Sivanathan ◽  
Gediminas Kastiukas ◽  
Xiangming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
Alkali Activated

The annual construction and demolition waste (CDW) generated from EU construction sector was 850 million tons, which represented 31% of the total waste generation and about 28% of CDW was ceramics (bricks and tiles). In this study, the feasibility of using CDW brick powder as the precursor of alkali activated mortar (AAM) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) as the lightweight aggregates to form lightweight brick powder AAM (LW-BP-AAM) for non-structural applications was investigated. The thermal conductivity of LP-BPAAM was 0.112 W/m·K with density of about 1,135 kg/m3 which was lower than the counterparts with similar density in literature. The acid resistance of LW-BP-AAM is comparable to conventional fly ash based AAM and superior than ordinary Portland cement. From the scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, there was no severe damage on the surface of LW-BP-AAM but aluminate was removed from the matrix which was further verified in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mass and strength loss of LP-BP-AAM was 1.5% and 33%, respectively. Although the compressive strength of the LP-BP-AAM was low (about 1.8 MPa), it can be improved by optimising the particle size of the XPS aggregates.

scholarly journals Recycling construction and demolition wastes within hydraulically bound mixtures for road pavements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasetto ◽  
Andrea Baliello ◽  
Giovanni Giacomello ◽  
Emiliano Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
The Road ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

The recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) is an actual challenge regarding the construction industry because of the increasing volumes worldwide produced and the related environmental impacts. In this regard, a suitable application can be developed in the road construction field, in particular for the production of hydraulically bound mixtures for road subbase and foundation layers. In this sense, the reuse of CDW can strongly enhance the environmental sustainability of road construction thanks to the achievable savings of natural resources such as the mineral aggregates obtained from quarry operations. Indeed, the utilization of a CDW as aggregate must ensure the production of mixtures with adequate mechanical and environmental characteristics. Therefore, the herein paper presents the results of an experimental characterization aimed at assessing the suitability of CDW for the production of hydraulically bound mixtures for road pavements. In particular, the main mechanical properties of some mixtures including different percentages and gradations of CDW were analysed and compared with the main technical prescriptions and classification criteria indicated by the reference European standards. Basic properties and production processes of the CDW materials were also studied to determine their effects on the optimum binder and water contents of the mixtures. The research clearly demonstrated that the use of a preliminary-washed CDW coarse aggregate was able to enhance the overall structural properties and the water resistance of mixtures.

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