Influence of solid fuel on the carbon-monoxide and nitrogen-oxide emissions on sintering

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 686-689
Author(s):  
M. F. Vitushchenko ◽  
N. L. Tatarkin ◽  
A. I. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. E. Vilkov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

Gasoline engine performance simulation of water injection and low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation using tabulated chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1857-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Franken ◽  
Fabian Mauss ◽  
Lars Seidel ◽  
Maike Sophie Gern ◽  
Malte Kauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Tabulated Chemistry ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This work presents the assessment of direct water injection in spark-ignition engines using single cylinder experiments and tabulated chemistry-based simulations. In addition, direct water injection is compared with cooled low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation at full load operation. The analysis of the two knock suppressing and exhaust gas cooling methods is performed using the quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model with a novel dual fuel tabulated chemistry model. To evaluate the characteristics of the autoignition in the end gas, the detonation diagram developed by Bradley and co-workers is applied. The single cylinder experiments with direct water injection outline the decreasing carbon monoxide emissions with increasing water content, while the nitrogen oxide emissions indicate only a minor decrease. The simulation results show that the engine can be operated at λ = 1 at full load using water–fuel ratios of up to 60% or cooled low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation rates of up to 30%. Both technologies enable the reduction of the knock probability and the decrease in the catalyst inlet temperature to protect the aftertreatment system components. The strongest exhaust temperature reduction is found with cooled low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. With stoichiometric air–fuel ratio and water injection, the indicated efficiency is improved to 40% and the carbon monoxide emissions are reduced. The nitrogen oxide concentrations are increased compared to the fuel-rich base operating conditions and the nitrogen oxide emissions decrease with higher water content. With stoichiometric air–fuel ratio and exhaust gas recirculation, the indicated efficiency is improved to 43% and the carbon monoxide emissions are decreased. Increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate to 30% drops the nitrogen oxide emissions below the concentrations of the fuel-rich base operating conditions.

Effect of the addition of ethanol on the combustion and emission characteristics of a common-rail dimethyl ether engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 1500-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhai Wang ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Xinqi Qiao ◽  
Zhen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Crank Angle

The effect of the addition of ethanol on the combustion and emission characteristics of dimethyl ether combustion were investigated in this study using an electronically controlled common-rail dimethyl ether engine. The ignition delay, the crank angle for 50% mass fraction burned, the combustion duration, the nitrogen oxide emissions, the hydrocarbon emissions and the carbon monoxide emissions of the fuel blends with the addition of different percentages of ethanol were analysed for different loads and for different injection timings separately. The results suggest that the effect of ethanol on the dimethyl ether combustion mainly prolongs the ignition delay and inhibits the combustion rate. The ignition delay is prolonged significantly with increasing percentage of ethanol added for low loads or retarded injection timings. A reduction in the combustion rate and an increase in the combustion duration are associated with a higher percentage of ethanol added for high loads or advanced injection timings, leading to lower nitrogen oxide emissions. On the addition of 15% ethanol, the nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced by about 17% for a brake mean effective pressure of 1.2 MPa, and by 32% when the start of injection is at −7° crank angle after top dead centre. Premixed combustion with a sharply prolonged ignition delay and a shortened combustion duration can be achieved by the addition of 15% ethanol when the start of injection is at 5° crank angle after top dead centre. The carbon monoxide emissions show a tendency to increase with increasing amount of ethanol added, whereas the hydrocarbon emissions remain nearly the same until the percentage of ethanol reaches 15%.

scholarly journals Effects of biodiesel made from swine and chicken fat residues on carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Feddern ◽  
Anildo Cunha Junior ◽  
Marina C. De Prá ◽  
Marcio L. Busi da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo da S. Nicoloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Chicken Fat

Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics and the emission characteristics of biogas–diesel dual fuel in a common-rail diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (14) ◽  
pp. 1900-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qian ◽  
Yahui Zhang ◽  
Xiaole Wang ◽  
Xingcai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

An experimental study on biogas–diesel dual-fuel compression ignition was conducted in which biogas and diesel are used as the port-injected fuel and the directly injected fuel respectively. The effects of the total lower heating values QLHVs per cycle and the premixed ratio on the combustion characteristics and the emission characteristics are discussed in detail. The results show that, for constant QLHVs, the peak values of the heat release rate curves first decrease and then increase with increasing premixed ratio. Furthermore, the combustion phase is delayed. For a constant premixed ratio, with increasing QLHVs, the heat release rate curves change from a unimodal distribution to a bimodal distribution, and the ignition delay decreases constantly. With higher QLHVs, the nitrogen oxide emissions and the smoke emissions are relatively higher. In addition, the impacts of biogases with different components on the combustion and emissions were also researched. With increasing hydrogen, the combustion becomes increasingly concentrated, which leads to higher nitrogen oxide emissions. The proportion of carbon monoxide in the biogas has a great effect on the carbon monoxide emissions. Also, the influence of exhaust gas recirculation was also studied. With 60% exhaust gas recirculation, the nitrogen oxide emissions can be inhibited effectively.

Kinetics of catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide by carbon monoxide on CuO/Al2O3 catalyst

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202-3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Musil ◽  
Vladimír Pour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurements ◽  
First Order ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

The kinetics of the reduction of nitrogen oxide by carbon monoxide on CuO/Al2O3 catalyst (8.36 mass % CuO) were determined at temperatures between 413 and 473 K. The reaction was found to be first order in NO and zero order in CO. The observed kinetics are consistent with a rate equation derived from a mechanism proposed on the basis of IR spectroscopic measurements.

EFFECTS OF WOODY VEGETATION ENCROACHMENT ON SOIL NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS IN A TEMPERATE SAVANNA

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta E. Martin ◽  
Gregory P. Asner ◽  
R. James Ansley ◽  
Arvin R. Mosier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Vegetation Encroachment

Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions for Nitric Acid Plants

Pollution ◽  
1973 ◽  
pp. 278-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Rigo ◽  
W. J. Mikucki ◽  
M. L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

scholarly journals Possibilities of Simultaneous In-Cylinder Reduction of Soot andNOxEmissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wagner ◽  
P. Eckert ◽  
U. Spicher
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Injection Strategy ◽  
Soot Emissions

Up to now, diesel engines with direct fuel injection are the propulsion systems with the highest efficiency for mobile applications. Future targets in reducingCO2-emissions with regard to global warming effects can be met with the help of these engines. A major disadvantage of diesel engines is the high soot and nitrogen oxide emissions which cannot be reduced completely with only engine measures today. The present paper describes two different possibilities for the simultaneous in-cylinder reduction of soot and nitrogen oxide emissions. One possibility is the optimization of the injection process with a new injection strategy the other one is the use of water diesel emulsions with the conventional injection system. The new injection strategy for this experimental part of the study overcomes the problem of increased soot emissions with pilot injection by separating the injections spatially and therefore on the one hand reduces the soot formation during the early stages of the combustion and on the other hand increases the soot oxidation later during the combustion. Another method to reduce the emissions is the introduction of water into the combustion chamber. Emulsions of water and fuel offer the potential to simultaneously reduceNOxand soot emissions while maintaining a high-thermal efficiency. This article presents a theoretical investigation of the use of fuel-water emulsions in DI-Diesel engines. The numerical simulations are carried out with the 3D-CFD code KIVA3V. The use of different water diesel emulsions is investigated and assessed with the numerical model.

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