scholarly journals Organ and tissue damage related to SARS-CoV-2: the biological model for experimental (preclinical) trials on golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
S.V. Chepur ◽  
◽  
M.A. Tyunin ◽  
V.A. Myasnikov ◽  
I.I. Alekseeva ◽  
...  

Introduction. Amid the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, experimental models for screening both newly developed vaccines and drugs, and the already registered active pharmaceutical in-gredients tested for new indications are in high demand. The registration of changes in biometric and mor-phological parameters that are significant for the investigative pathology can be an optimal screening tool for antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat COVID-19. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to describe the changes over time of organ and tissue changes using a biological model of a SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in the golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus. Materials and methods. We performed the study in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus weighing 80–100 g. The animals were infected through intranasal administration of a culture of SARS-CoV-2 virus containing 4 × 104 TCID50/mL. We recorded the animals’ weight before the infection and during the next 14 days and measured the specific gravity of the internal organs and the degree of their moisture saturation on days 3, 7, and 14 after the infection. Additionally, tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin; the preparation of histological specimens was performed according to the standard procedure. Statistical data processing was carried out using non-parametric tests. Results. In the model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mesocricetus auratus, we observed the manifestation of the infectious disease after 3 days. The most pronounced pathological changes in the overall health status of the animals and in the histology of internal organs were seen 7 days after the infection. We determined the weight loss and significant deviations in gravimetric coefficients of lungs, heart, spleen, and kidneys to be the indicators revealing the infectious disease course changes over time. Histologic evaluation showed typical changes in the SARS-CoV-2-associated visceral damage: the formation of polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates in the lung interalveolar septa and patchy dystrophic changes in the neurocytes of the brain screen-type centers with the demyelination of the commissural nerve guides. The detected pathological manifestations corresponded in time to an increase in the virus replicative activity in the lungs. Conclusion. The experimental model of the SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus can be recommended for screening experimental (preclinical) studies of the promising drugs’ efficacy for pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, golden hamsters, morphometry, organ and tissue structural damage

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Urban ◽  
Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽  
Isabelle Signolet ◽  
Christophe Colas Ribas ◽  
Mathieu Feuilloy ◽  
...  

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Olff ◽  
Mirjam Nijdam ◽  
Kristin Samuelson ◽  
Julia Golier ◽  
Mariel Meewisse ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Stinson ◽  
Zachary Sussman ◽  
Megan Foley Nicpon ◽  
Allison L. Allmon ◽  
Courtney Cornick ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-133

Knowler SP, Gillstedt L, Mitchell TJ et al. Pilot study of head conformation changes over time in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel breed. Veterinary Record 2019. doi:10.1136/vr.105135.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Thombs ◽  
Xiaorui Huang

The macro-comparative decoupling literature has often sought to test the arguments made by the treadmill of production (TP) and ecological modernization (EM) theories. However, due to data limitations, these studies have been limited to analyzing the years after 1960. Given that both theories discuss historical processes operating before 1960, analyzing pre-1960 data is warranted to more comprehensively test the propositions made by both theories. We assess the long-term relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions from 1870 to 2014 using a sample of global North nations. We use Prais-Winsten regression models with time interactions to assess whether, when, and how much CO2 emissions have decoupled from economic growth over time. We find that significant relative decoupling has occurred twice since 1870: during the last 30 years of the nineteenth century, the timing of which is contrary to what both the EM and TP theories might expect, and after 1970. We also observe that the relationship remained relatively stable from the turn of the twentieth century to approximately 1970, which aligns with the arguments made by the classical TP work. We conclude that shifts in the global organization of production have shaped the magnitude of the economic growth–CO2 emissions relationship and its changes over time, which has implications for climate mitigation policy.


2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322
Author(s):  
Mario Faraone

Throughout his life, Christopher Isherwood explored his sense of himself through a range of different genres of writing: autobiography, letters and journals, and fiction. The polysemic image of the mirror plays a major role in the structuring of his novels and other writings. Through the figure of the mirror, the writer signals many nearly imperceptible yet significant changes over time. This article explores this image in a range of Isherwood’s writings, and argues that, through its deployment, the artist very often questions himself about the dichotomy between appearance and reality. The presence of the mirror in the early writings assumes modalities which are distinct from those belonging to the conversion period to Vedanta, the Hindu-oriented philosophy and religion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 267-1-267-8
Author(s):  
Mitchell J.P. van Zuijlen ◽  
Sylvia C. Pont ◽  
Maarten W.A. Wijntjes

The human face is a popular motif in art and depictions of faces can be found throughout history in nearly every culture. Artists have mastered the depiction of faces after employing careful experimentation using the relatively limited means of paints and oils. Many of the results of these experimentations are now available to the scientific domain due to the digitization of large art collections. In this paper we study the depiction of the face throughout history. We used an automated facial detection network to detect a set of 11,659 faces in 15,534 predominately western artworks, from 6 international, digitized art galleries. We analyzed the pose and color of these faces and related those to changes over time and gender differences. We find a number of previously known conventions, such as the convention of depicting the left cheek for females and vice versa for males, as well as unknown conventions, such as the convention of females to be depicted looking slightly down. Our set of faces will be released to the scientific community for further study.


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