Immune and Neuroendocrine Modulation with Thymosins: Current Status of Recent Clinical Trials in the United States

Objective. The aim of this review is to characterize current status of global TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods. We examined all the trials registered within ClinicalTrials.gov up to 25 September 2015, focusing on study interventions to identify TCM-related trials, and extracted 1,270 TCM trials from the data set. Results. Overall, 691 (54.4%) trials were acupuncture, and 454 (35.8%) trials were herbal medicines. Differences in TCM trial intervention types were also evident among the specific therapeutic areas. Among all trials, 55.7% that were small studies enrolled <100 subjects, and only 8.7% of completed studies had reported results of trials. As for the location, the United States was second to China in conducting the most TCM trials. Conclusion. This review is the first snapshot of the landscape of TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, providing the basis for treatment and prevention of diseases within TCM and offering useful information that will guide future research on TCM.

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The Current Status of Retirement Mentoring in Academic Surgery in the United States

Journal of Surgery and Research ◽

10.26502/jsr.10020022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Sherif Aly ◽

Allan Stolarski ◽

Patrick O’Neal ◽

Edward Whang ◽

Gentian Kristo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Current Status ◽

Academic Surgery

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Developing a Clinical Trials Infrastructure in the United States

NAM Perspectives ◽

10.31478/201205g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Paul Eisenberg ◽

◽

Petra Kaufmann ◽

Ellen Sigal ◽

Janet Woodcock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

The United States

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Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: History, current status and future trends

Harmful Algae ◽

10.1016/j.hal.2021.101975 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101975

Author(s):

Donald M. Anderson ◽

Elizabeth Fensin ◽

Christopher J. Gobler ◽

Alicia E. Hoeglund ◽

Katherine A. Hubbard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

United States History ◽

The United States ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Trends ◽

States History

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690 Are participants in obstetrical randomized clinical trials representative of the United States pregnant population?

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 224 (2) ◽

pp. S433

Author(s):

Cynthia Coots ◽

Stephen Wagner ◽

Matthew J. Bicocca ◽

Megha Gupta ◽

Hector Mendez Figueroa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

The United States

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EPID-07. ACCESS TO GLIOBLASTOMA CLINICAL TRIALS FOR RURAL PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 2010–2020

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii79-ii79

Author(s):

Kathryn Nevel ◽

Samuel Capouch ◽

Lisa Arnold ◽

Katherine Peters ◽

Nimish Mohile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Rural Communities ◽

The United States ◽

Interventional Treatment ◽

Phase Ii Trials ◽

Treatment Trials ◽

Rural Sites ◽

Rural Patients ◽

Urban Sites

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients in rural communities have less access to optimal cancer care and clinical trials. For GBM, access to experimental therapies, and consideration of a clinical trial is embedded in national guidelines. Still, the availability of clinical trials to rural communities, representing 20% of the US population, has not been described. METHODS We queried ClinicalTrials.gov for glioblastoma interventional treatment trials opened between 1/2010 and 1/2020 in the United States. We created a Structured Query Language database and leveraged Google application programming interfaces (API) Places to find name and street addresses for the sites, and Google’s Geocode API to determine the county location. Counties were classified by US Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC 1–3 = urban and RUCC 4–9 = rural). We used z-ratios for rural-urban statistical comparisons. RESULTS We identified 406 interventional treatment trials for GBM at 1491 unique sites. 8.7% of unique sites were in rural settings. Rural sites opened an average of 1.7 trials/site and urban sites 2.8 trials/site from 1/2010–1/2020. Rural sites offered more phase II trials (63% vs 57%, p= 0.03) and fewer phase I trials (22% vs 28%, p= 0.01) than urban sites. Rural locations were more likely to offer federally-sponsored trials (p< 0.002). There were no investigator-initiated or single-institution trials offered at rural locations, and only 1% of industry trials were offered rurally. DISCUSSION Clinical trials for GBM were rarely open in rural areas, and were more dependent on federal funding. Clinical trials are likely difficult to access for rural patients, and this has important implications for the generalizability of research as well as how we engage the field of neuro-oncology and patient advocacy groups in improving patient access to trials. Increasing the number of clinical trials in rural locations may enable more rural patients to access and enroll in GBM studies.

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Current Status and Future Directions for Library and Archive Conservation Education in the United States

Restaurator International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material ◽

10.1515/res-2019-0025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3-4) ◽

pp. 331-335

Author(s):

Theresa J. Smith

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Conservation Education ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Directions

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Predicting the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Using Graph Theory-Based Neural Networks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3834

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽

Krzysztof Fiok ◽

Waldemar Karwowski ◽

Awad M. Aljuaid ◽

Redha Taiar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Graph Theory ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

The United States ◽

Graphical Analysis ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Current Status ◽

The Usa

The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented social and economic consequences in the United States. Therefore, accurately predicting the dynamics of the pandemic can be very beneficial. Two main elements required for developing reliable predictions include: (1) a predictive model and (2) an indicator of the current condition and status of the pandemic. As a pandemic indicator, we used the effective reproduction number (Rt), which is defined as the number of new infections transmitted by a single contagious individual in a population that may no longer be fully susceptible. To bring the pandemic under control, Rt must be less than one. To eliminate the pandemic, Rt should be close to zero. Therefore, this value may serve as a strong indicator of the current status of the pandemic. For a predictive model, we used graph neural networks (GNNs), a method that combines graphical analysis with the structure of neural networks. We developed two types of GNN models, including: (1) graph-theory-based neural networks (GTNN) and (2) neighborhood-based neural networks (NGNN). The nodes in both graphs indicated individual states in the US states. While the GTNN model’s edges document functional connectivity between states, those in the NGNN model link neighboring states to one another. We trained both models with Rt numbers collected over the previous four days and asked them to predict the following day for all states in the USA. The performance of these models was evaluated with the datasets that included Rt values reflecting conditions from 22 January through 26 November 2020 (before the start of COVID-19 vaccination in the USA). To determine the efficiency, we compared the results of two models with each other and with those generated by a baseline Long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The results indicated that the GTNN model outperformed both the NGNN and LSTM models for predicting Rt.

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The United States’ Regulatory Environment Is Evolving to Accommodate a Coming Boom in Gene Therapy Research

Applied Biosafety ◽

10.1177/1535676019854866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Eisenman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

The United States ◽

Regulatory Environment ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Regulatory Structure ◽

Regulatory Changes ◽

Current State ◽

Therapy Field

Introduction: A dramatic increase in the number of clinical trials involving gene-modified cell therapy and gene therapy is taking place. The field is on the verge of a boom, and the regulatory environment is evolving to accommodate the growth. Discussion: This commentary summarizes the current state of the field, including an overview of the growth. The United States (US) regulatory structure for gene therapy will be summarized, and the evolution of the oversight structure will be explained. Conclusion: The gene therapy field has recently produced its first FDA-approved therapeutics and has a pipeline of other investigational products in the final stages of clinical trials before they can be evaluated by the FDA as safe and effective therapeutics. As research continues to evolve, so must the oversight structure. Biosafety professionals and IBCs have always played key roles in contributing to the safe, evidence-based advancement of gene therapy research. With the recent regulatory changes and current surge in gene therapy research, the importance of those roles has increased dramatically.

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