A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Omeprazole on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying Rate

Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

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Effect of L-Tryptophan and L-Leucine on Gut Hormone Secretion, Appetite Feelings and Gastric Emptying Rates in Lean and Non-Diabetic Obese Participants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0166758 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e0166758 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach ◽

Simon Häfliger ◽

Julian Meili ◽

Alison Doody ◽

Jens F Rehfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Double Blind ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Gut Hormone ◽

Parallel Group Trial ◽

Group Trial

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Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Emptying and Hunger in Normal-Weight Humans

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-2638 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 3296-3302 ◽

Cited By ~ 170

Author(s):

F. Levin ◽

T. Edholm ◽

P. T. Schmidt ◽

P. Grybäck ◽

H. Jacobsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gastric Emptying Rate ◽

Ghrelin Receptor ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Context: Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa and increases gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis. Main Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of ghrelin on gastric emptying, appetite, and postprandial hormone secretion in normal volunteers. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects: Subjects included normal human volunteers and patients with GH deficiency. Intervention: Intervention included saline or ghrelin (10 pmol/kg·min) infusion for 180 min after intake of a radioactively labeled omelette (310 kcal) or GH substitution in GH-deficient patients. Main Outcome Measures: Measures consisted of gastric empty-ing parameters and postprandial plasma levels of ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and motilin. Results: The emptying rate was significantly faster for ghrelin (1.26 ± 0.1% per minute), compared with saline (0.83% per minute) (P < 0.001). The lag phase (16.2 ± 2.2 and 26.5 ± 3.8 min) and half-emptying time (49.4 ± 3.9 and 75.6 ± 4.9 min) of solid gastric emptying were shorter during ghrelin infusion, compared with infusion of saline (P < 0.001). The postprandial peak in plasma concentration for cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 occurred earlier and was higher during ghrelin infusion. There was no significant effect of ghrelin on plasma motilin or peptide YY. There was no difference in gastric emptying before and after GH substitution. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ghrelin increases the gastric emptying rate in normal humans. The effect does not seem to be mediated via GH or motilin but may be mediated by the vagal nerve or directly on ghrelin receptors in the stomach. Ghrelin receptor agonists may have a role as prokinetic agents.

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A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study on Prophylactic Use of Cisapride on Feed Intolerance and Gastric Emptying in Preterm Neonates

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199904020-01722 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽

pp. 289A-289A ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P S Reddy ◽

A K Deorari ◽

C S Bal ◽

V K Paul ◽

M Singh

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Feed Intolerance ◽

Prophylactic Use

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The Effect of Continuous Intake of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on Mild to Moderate Delayed Gastric Emptying: A Randomized Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1852

Author(s):

Toshihiro Ohtsu ◽

Ken Haruma ◽

Yumiko Ide ◽

Atsushi Takagi

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gastric Emptying Rate ◽

Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽

Liquid Meal

Probiotics have been suggested to be effective for functional dyspepsia, but their effect on gastric motility is not clear. We evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (LG21 strain) on mild to moderate delayed gastric emptying by a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Participants (n = 28) were randomly assigned to ingest LG21 strain-containing yogurt (LG21 strain group) or LG21 strain-free yogurt (placebo group) for 12 weeks. The 13C gastric emptying breath test was performed to measure the gastric emptying rate over time following ingestion of a liquid meal, and the time to reach the peak (Tmax) was used as an indicator of gastric emptying. We also measured the salivary amylase concentration, an indicator of autonomic dysfunction under stress. The per-protocol population (n = 27, male n = 4, female n = 23) was evaluated for efficacy. When a ≥30% reduction in the difference between participant’s Tmax and the Japanese mean Tmax was defined as an improvement, the odds ratio of improvement in delayed gastric emptying compared to placebo after 12 weeks was 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 20.2). Moreover, salivary amylase concentrations were significantly lower than in the placebo group, indicating an improvement in autonomic function. The present data were not enough to support the beneficial effects of the LG21 strain on delayed gastric emptying. However, if we define the odds ratio in further study investigated with a larger number of participants, LG21 strain might be expected to have some impact on delayed gastric emptying.

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