The Single Injection Technique for Determination of Renal Clearance: V.A Comparison with the Continuous Infusion Technique in the Dog and in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Infusion Technique

Renal Clearance of [14C]oxalate: Comparison of Constant-Infusion with Single-Injection Techniques

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Prenen ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees ◽  
H. J. Endeman ◽  
S. M. Spoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Infusion Technique

1. The renal clearance of [14C]oxalate was assessed by the constant-infusion technique and single-injection technique (plasma sampling only: one-compartment and two-compartment model; plasma and urine sampling). Healthy volunteers and patients with renal stones were studied. 2. Results with the constant-infusion techniques (with and without urine sampling) were not significantly different from each other. 3. The renal clearance of [14C]oxalate measured with the single-injection technique as compared with the constant-infusion technique was overestimated in the single-injection one-compartment model (52%) as well as in the two-compartment model (30%). 4. The calculated level of plasma oxalate in the healthy volunteers ranged from 1·04 to 1·78 μmol/l (mean 1·39). 5. The biological half-life of [14C]oxalate, estimated by the cumulative excretion of 14C in urine after equilibrium had been established, was 128 min (range: 113–142). 6. The oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio in the healthy volunteers ranged from 1·73 to 2·22 (mean 2·01).

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

Effect of Diatrizoate on Renal Extraction of Pah in Man

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tidgren ◽  
K. Golman
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
Healthy Male Volunteers ◽  
Contrast Medium Injection

The effect of diatrizoate on the renal extraction of para-amino hippurate (EPAH) was studied in 8 healthy male volunteers. The contrast medium was injected into an antecubital vein and into a renal vein in each individual. A single-injection technique for the determination of EPAH was used and EPAH was measured before and over a period of 30 min after each contrast medium injection. In addition, the renal extraction of diatrizoate was measured simultaneously. Small but significant and similar decreases in EPAH were observed after both antecubital and renal venous administrations of the contrast medium, with a duration of less than 30 min after the injection. The renal extraction ratio for the diatrizoate was 0.20. It is concluded that diatrizoate should not be used before the determination of EPAH, at least not until 30 min after the administration of the contrast medium. The decrease in EPAH caused by diatrizoate seems to be due to a direct tubular depressant effect.

Simultaneous Measurement of Renal Clearance and Plasma Clearance of 99mTc-Labelled Diethylenetriaminepenta-Acetate, 51Cr-Labelled Ethylenediaminetetra-Acetate and Inulin in Man

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rehling ◽  
M. L. Møller ◽  
B. Thamdrup ◽  
J. O. Lund ◽  
J. Trap-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The present investigation was undertaken to study the kinetics of 99mTc-labelled diethylene-triaminepenta-acetate (DTPA) as compared with inulin and 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA). 2. Twenty patients with various degrees of decreased renal function were studied. The renal clearance, plasma clearance and volume of distribution of all three tracers were measured after a simultaneous single injection. 3. The average renal clearance ratio 99mTc-DTPA to inulin was 0.97; the average renal clearance ratio 99mTc-DTPA to 51Cr-EDTA was 1.02. 4. In all patients the plasma clearance of inulin exceeded that of 99mTc-DTPA. No difference was seen between the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. The plasma clearance of all three tracers overestimated the simultaneously measured renal clearance; on average this was, for 99mTc-DTPA 5.7 ml/min, for 51Cr-EDTA 6.0 ml/min and for inulin 8.1 ml/min. The plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA correlated well with the renal clearance of inulin, but overestimated this by 3.5 ml/min on average. 5. The volume of distribution of inulin was less than that of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. No difference was seen between the volume of distribution of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA. 6. It is concluded that the difference in the kinetics of 99mTc-DTPA and 51Cr-EDTA in patients with decreased renal function was small and without clinical relevance. The two radio-actively labelled tracers can replace each other in assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The close correlation between the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA after a bolus injection and the renal clearance of inulin justifies the use of the single-injection technique in assessment of GFR.

Fast Method for the Determination of Residual Solvents in Radiopharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Mihon ◽  
Catalin Stelian Tuta ◽  
Alina Catrinel Ion ◽  
Dana Niculae ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Residual Solvents

The aim of this work was the development and validation of a fast analytical method to determine the residual solvents content in radiopharmaceuticals such as: 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES), 18F-Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT),18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO). Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive preparations for medical purposes used in nuclear medicine as tracers in diagnostic imaging and treatment of certain diseases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that consists in introducing into the body of a small amount of a biologically active chemical compound labelled with a short lived positron-emitting radioisotope (18F, 11C, 68Ga). Residual solvents are critical impurities in radiopharmaceuticals that can affect labelling, stability and physicochemical properties of drugs. Therefore, the determination of these solvents is essential for quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Validation of the control method for residual solvents by gas chromatography is referred by the European Pharmacopoeia using a special injection technique (head space). The parameters of the method, which comply with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, are: accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The proposed method (direct gas chromatography injection) proved to be linear, precise, accurate and robust. Good linearity was achieved for all the solvents and correlation coefficients (R2) for each residual solvent were found more than 0.99.

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