scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Lead Nephrotoxicity and Tissue Deposition Between Rats, Mice, and Pigeons Exposed to Drinking Water Containing 2, 20, or 200 ppm Lead

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Revis ◽  
Judith Shaw ◽  
R. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
The Relationship

White Carnaew pigeons were exposed to drinking water containing various concentrations of lead to study the relationship between exposure and tissue deposition and the relationship between the concentrations of lead in kidney and morphologic alterations. The concentration of lead in the blood was the only tissue which showed a linear increase with respect to the concentration of lead in the drinking water. The concentration of lead in the liver, kidney, brain, heart, aorta, and pancreas increased in response to lead in the drinking water; however, these increases were not linear with respect to lead exposure. Similar results were obtained for rats and mice exposed via the drinking water to 2, 20, or 200 ppm lead; however, the concentration of lead in tissues was substantially greater in pigeons. Kidneys from rats and mice appeared normal following the exposure of 200 ppm lead for 4 months, whereas, in kidneys from pigeons exposed to 200 ppm for a similar period of time there was tubular degeneration, fibrosis, and acid fast intranuclear inclusion bodies. These pathoanatomic alterations may be related to the concentration lead found in the kidney in pigeons. The concentration of lead in the kidney was 3,930 μg gram dry weight for pigeons but only 40 and 6 μg for mice and rats respectively. These studies suggest that the pigeon is more responsive to ingested lead than the rat or mouse. The renal lesions induced by chronic lead exposure are similar in pigeons and man suggesting that the pigeon may be useful animal model to study the yet unanswered questions related to chronic nephritis following lead poisoning.

Chronic Lead Exposure of Rats: Open-Field Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Geist ◽  
Jeffrey E. Praed
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Lead Exposure ◽  
Acetate Form

Three groups of male hooded rats were chronically exposed to lead in the acetate form prenatally, as well as postnatally via the dam's milk and in the drinking water, at concentrations of 0 ppm, 19 ppm, and 38 ppm for 35 days. No significant differences were found in weight gain, although significant increases in food consumption were noted in animals receiving 19 ppm lead acetate and increased ingestion of lead acetate in animals receiving 19 ppm and 38 ppm. When subjects were tested in an open-field task, no significant differences were found in emotionality, the number of squares traversed, frequency and duration of rearing, or in frequency of grooming. However, subjects receiving 38 ppm lead displayed a significant reduction in duration of grooming when compared to animals receiving either 19 ppm or 0 ppm. The results suggest that prenatal lead exposure, followed by postnatal exposure, may affect some elements of activity, while having little effect on others.

The Relationship between Concentration and Sensory Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Drinking Water

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ito ◽  
T. Okumura ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Triangle Method ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Samples

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

Chronic Lead Exposure: a Cause for Brain Degeneration and Calcifications: a Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Maheshwari ◽  
Monali Chaturvedi ◽  
Aldrin Anthony ◽  
Suman Kushwaha ◽  
Jasmeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Brain Degeneration ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure

Damage Quantitative Investigation of Beam Structure Based on Changing Ratio of Modal Curvature

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 654-658
Author(s):  
Ji Ping Ge
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Damage Recognition ◽  
Modal Curvature ◽  
Damage Extent ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Relationship

The changing ratio of modal curvature is proposed for damage recognition, and its ability of damage localization and damage quantitative has been studied in this paper. For testing the effect of damage recognition, two research parameters, the different section rigidity and the scope of damages, are included. And changing rules of the index with structure rigidity, constraints, and structure supporting system have been studied at the same time. The numerical analysis results indicated: The relation of linear increase exists between the changing ratio of modal curvature and the extent of damage, the changing slope of the index is bigger with the increase of damage extent; The boundary condition and the structure supporting system will affect the value of index; In the view of one special structure, case study should be carried to establish the relationship between value of index and the extent of damage.

Motor alterations induced by chronic lead exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Mansouri ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Chronic Lead Exposure ◽  
Motor Alterations
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