STUDY OF CONDITIONALITY AND IMMANENCE OF PROPER NAMES OF NEWLY BUILT HOUSING ESTATES IN THE LVIV URBAN ENVIRONMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY (based on the semiotic triangle method)

The study classifies proper names of housing estates (HE) in Lviv according to certain phenomena, images, symbols. The iconic, indexical, conventional relations of the architecture of HE are revealed as a sign-vehicle to its referent which is declared in its own name through the pyramidal structure of the semiotic triangle. The problem of conditionality and immanence of one's proper name concerning the architectural image of the HE is highlighted.

Literature Review: Research Reflection of Financial Statements Fraud Detection Methods in Indonesia

This study aims to identify methods in the detection of fraud in financial statements conducted by researchers in Indonesia. This research has been published on the website of the Ministry of Research and Technology with the SINTA 1 and SINTA 2 indexes. This research was conducted with a literature study on financial statement fraud in Indonesia. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method by taking data from literacy studies on the research of fraud detection methods in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the fraud detection method used in financial reports in Indonesia is using the fraud Triangle method. The article of these studies is expected to provide input, insight, and information to all parties such as company management, auditors, and users of financial statements about various methods of detecting financial statement fraud in Indonesia.

A Computational Framework for Social Entrepreneurs to Determine Policies for Sustainable Development

Many villagers in India suffer from multiple socio-economic challenges, such as, low-income, unemployment, and lack of access to clean water and energy that hinder their overall development. Social entrepreneurs can assist with the design and implementation of policies that help villagers achieve overall sustainability. Previously, a framework to support social entrepreneurs and stakeholders in identifying potential challenges and evaluating the impact of solutions concerning sustainable development was proposed. The framework was anchored in a single perspective (thematic area) Dilemma Triangle Method for identification of challenges and System Dynamics Models for evaluation of impacts. Policies for sustainable development, however, require an understanding of the interactions among multiple possibilities and their associated challenges to be viable, feasible, and equitable. Additionally, one key missing feature in the past framework is the evaluation of the economic impact of the solutions or policies. In this paper, we add new value to the past framework using the Dilemma Triangle Method to integrate more than one perspective, and the System Dynamics Model integrating the economic indicator to get a holistic view of sustainable development. By the addition of more than one thematic area in the Dilemma Triangle Method, the inter-dependency among thematic areas and their associated parameters is understood, which is necessary for identifying problems in complex systems. We include Gross Value Added (GVA) as an economic indicator for evaluating the economic feasibility of the policies identified by using the framework. To illustrate the efficacy of the framework, we implement it for the Kantashol village (panchayat), Jharkhand, India. Based on the Dilemma Triangle Method, multiple policies are proposed, out of which four policies are evaluated in the Systems Dynamic Model for the sustainable development of the village. The policies are currently being applied in the village and the outcome of this framework will be validated in real-time over the years.

Reaktualisasi Pengukuran Arah Kiblat Dengan Metode Segitiga Bola Pada Masjid Dan Musholla

An understanding of the Qibla direction is very important for Muslims, because facing the Qibla is one of the legal requirements for performing prayers. Although now the technology to determine the Qibla direction is sophisticated, it is necessary to know how to determine the actual Qibla direction. The determination of the direction of the Qibla with the spherical triangle method is based on a triangle on the surface of the globe which is formed by three large circles of the globe, namely two circles of the earth's longitude and one circle of Qibla. The intersection of the three large circles forms three points, namely point A (Makkah), point B (the location where the Qibla direction will be calculated), and point C (the North Pole). The steps in determining the Qibla direction include: (1) Prepare the data needed in calculating the Qibla direction of a place, namely latitude and longitude data for the Kaaba (Makkah city), as well as latitude and longitude data for the location/city to be calculated. the qibla direction; (2) Calculation of the Qibla direction using the formula , with: B = Angle of the direction of the Qibla of a place, C = The difference between the longitude of the Kaaba and the longitude of the place where the Qibla direction is being sought, a = 90o – tp (latitude), and b = 90o – ka (Kaaba latitude); (3) Calculation of true Qibla azimuth from true north in a clockwise direction, where true Qibla azimuth = 360o – Qibla direction angle (B); (4) Determination of the actual Qibla direction by measuring using an arc ruler as large as true Qibla azimuth from true north.

Complete Treatment of a Case of Medically Refractory Ulcerative Colitis with Adoption of the Health Triangle Methods for Lifestyle Modification

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease affecting the mucosa in the colon. Despite significant progress and expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for UC, there are currently no curative medications available and some cases require colectomy. In this communication, we report the case of a 38 years old male patients with a five-year history of UC who had involvement of the entire colon and was medically refractory. The patient had received treatment with steroids, mesalazine, infliximab, and adalimumab, but failed to achieve remission in the process. He had non-remitting symptoms with endoscopic and histologic evidence of severe disease, and experienced episodes of significant lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Ultimately, the patient was advised to undergo colectomy, but he refused; instead, he adopted a lifestyle modification approach—the health triangle method. In short, this approach emphasizes three aspects of nutrition, use of herbal medicines, and interventions (called aamal-e-yadavi in Traditional Iranian Medicine) like oiling, cupping, and phlebotomy (hejamat). These interventions can improve the cellular energy balance and truly cure the autoimmune disease if adopted over the long term. After three years, the patient reported substantial improvement in symptoms, and the colonoscopy and histology showed evidence of remission. This case indicated the potential efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative approaches in patients with UC; however, the health triangle method needs to be investigated in randomized controlled trials.

Assessment of the Readiness and Resilience of Czech Society against Water-Related Crises

This assessment of societal readiness and resilience to water-related situations in the Czech Republic focuses on an interdisciplinary approach in the Czech Republic for solving this problem. The goal of the article is to evaluate and characterize the preparedness for handling water-related crises. The analysis is carried out via a SWOT analysis, which is a universal analytical method used to understand and interpret strengths and weaknesses and to identify opportunities and threats. For the calculation of the weight factor of the SWOT analysis, an assessment was determined based on the multicriteria analysis. The pair comparison method was used to determine the relative importance of the parameters of the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The Fuller Triangle method was chosen for the system used to make the comparisons of the individual criteria. The uniqueness of the study consists of the issue of water management, which is thus reflected from a non-traditional perspective, being a contemporary model—the paradigm of the view on the preparedness of the planning documentation as one of the characteristics of societal resilience for water-related crises. The result of the research is the fact that a positive approach prevails in the researched area from the perspective of preparedness for water-related crises. For the creation of the conditions, the factors arising from the internal environment currently prevail slightly over those arising from the external environment.

Experimental Validation of an Innovative Approach for GDI Spray Pattern Recognition

In the present automotive scenario, along with hybridization, GDI technology is progressively spreading in order to improve the powertrain thermal efficiency. In order to properly match the fuel spray development with the combustion chamber design, using robust and accurate diagnostics is required. In particular, for the evaluation of the injection quality in terms of spray shape, vision tests are crucial for GDI injection systems. By vision tests, parameters such as spray tip penetration and cone angles can be measured, as the operating conditions in terms of mainly injection pressure, injection strategy, and chamber counter-pressure are varied. Provided that a complete experimental spray characterization requires the acquisition of several thousand spray images, an automated methodology for analyzing spray images objectively and automatically is mandatory. A decisive step in a spray image analysis procedure is binarization, i.e., the extraction of the spray structure from the background. Binarization is particularly challenging for GDI sprays, given their lower compactness with respect to diesel sprays. In the present paper, two of the most diffused automated binarization algorithms, namely the Otsu and Yen methods, are comparatively validated with an innovative approach derived from the Triangle method—the Last Minimum Criterion—for the analysis of high-pressure GDI sprays. GDI spray images acquired with three injection pressure levels (up to 600 bar) and two different optical setups (backlight and front illumination) were used to validate the considered algorithms in challenging conditions, obtaining encouraging results in terms of accuracy and robustness for the proposed approach.

Using the Analysis of the Gases Dissolved in Oil in Diagnosis of Transformer Bushings with Paper-Oil Insulation—A Case Study

The article describes a case study when the voltage collapse during lightning impulse tests of new power transformers was noticed and when the repeated tests finished with a positive result. The step-by-step process of reaching the conclusion on the basis of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) as a key method of the investigations was presented. The considerations on the possible source of the analysis showed that the Duval triangle method, used in the analysis of the concentration of gases dissolved in oil samples taken from bushings, more reliably and unambiguously than the ratio method recommended in the IEC 60599 Standard, indicated a phenomenon which was identified in the insulation structure of bushings analyzed. Additionally, the results from DGA were found to be consistent with an internal inspection of bushings, which showed a visible trace of discharge on the inside part of the epoxy housing, as a result of the lightning induced breakdown.