Sir William Osler's fatal trip to Scotland: “Mrs M” and the University Grants Committee

On 23 September 1919, Sir William Osler, after a telephone call from his friend Dyson Perrins, went to Glasgow where he saw a 40-year-old woman, Bethia Fulton Martin, in consultation with three local physicians. Osler called it “one of those remarkable Erythema cases (all sorts of skin lesions and three months on and off consolidation of both lower lobes).” Mrs Martin died 114 days later; her death certificate listed “angioneurotic oedema with chronic nephritis” and “tuberculous enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes.” Osler died 18 days before Mrs Martin of complications from a respiratory infection acquired on his way home from Scotland. We discuss factors that possibly prompted Osler to go to Scotland, including his role with the newly formed University Grants Committee, and the differential diagnosis of the case, which is mainly between systemic lupus erythematosus and Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Clinical Effect Analysis of Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction on Patients with Chronic Nephritis

Select the actual clinical effect of Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction on patients with chronic nephritis. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic nephritis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected. They were divided into 2 groups according to the admission order, 30 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, and the observation group was treated with Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction on the basis of the control group. The renal function indexes and urinary protein index, clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Result: There was no difference in renal function and urinary protein indexes between the two groups before treatment (P> 0.05). After treatment, the indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). There was no difference in TCM syndrome scores between the first two groups (P> 0.05). After treatment, the indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Jianpi Bushen Yiqi Decoction has a significant effect on chronic nephritis, which can effectively improve the renal function and urinary protein index of patients, with few adverse reactions and great application value.

Pattern of growth development of premature children at the age of two and three years in Alexandria, Egypt [Part II]

Thisis the second part of a paper on a study conducted in Alexandria on 68 premature children. Controls were full-term children, double the number of prematures, and matched by age and sex. The first part presented differences in growth and development in relation to prematurity. This part deals with risk factors for prematurity. The study revealed that low educational level of fathers and parental smoking were significant risk factors for prematurity. The mean age of both parents and mothers’ gravidity were significantly higher for prematures. Other risk factors were identified. Mothers with diabetes and chronic nephritis were more likely to have a premature child

Professor Yumao Du’s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephritis

Chronic nephritis is a common clinical kidney disease, with insidious onset and long course, which can eventually develop into chronic renal failure. In Chinese medicine, it belongs to the categories of “edema,” “back pain,” “deficiency,” and “vertigo.” Professor Du Yumao is a well-known Chinese medicine doctor and a well-known nephropathy expert in China. He has rich clinical experience and unique insights into the treatment of chronic nephritis. He believes that insufficient kidney yin is the key to this disease, and water dampness and blood stasis are important pathological factors. Appropriate change of method according to the situation and flexible use of medicine often lead to good clinical outcomes.

Construction of Au@Metal-organic framework for sensitive determination of creatinine in urine

Creatinine level in urine is an important biomarker for renal function diseases, such as renal failure, glomerulonephritis, and chronic nephritis. The Au@MIL-101(Fe) was prepared by in situ growth of Au nanoparticles in MIL-101(Fe) as a selective SERS substrate. The Au@MIL-101(Fe) offers the great local surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect due to gold nanoparticles aggregation inside metal-organic frameworks. The framework structure could enrich trace target samples and drag them into SPR hot spots. The optimal Au@MIL-101(Fe) composite substrate is used for analyzing creatinine in urine and the limit of detection is down to 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L and a linear relationship is ranging from 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L to 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L.

High Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Serious Renal Insufficiency in Patients With Lupus Nephritis

Background Recently, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker used to monitor inflammation and immune response, has been shown to be a prognostic marker in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To investigate the association between pretreatment NLR and renal impairment in patients with lupus nephritis(LN). Methods This retrospective study included 88 LN patients, 51 SLE patients without renal involvement, 79 patients with primary chronic nephritis (CN) and 52 healthy controls (HC). The differentiation was analyzed among these four groups via Whitney U test, and correlations among variables were evaluated in LN patients. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR in patients with LN. Results Pretreatment NLR of LN patients was significantly higher than that of the other three groups. The NLR was positively associated with complement 3(C3), C4, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum creatinine (SCr) (C3: r = 0.222, p = 0.042; C4: r = 0.230, p = 0.035; CRP: r = 0.337, p = 0.007; SC: r = 0.408, p < 0.0001) but inversely correlated with IgG (r=-0.226, p = 0.041). NLR level increased with severity of renal impairment. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.785, 95% CI = 0.708–0.862) was useful for diagnosis of LN, and its optimal cutoff was 5.44 (sensitivity: 65.9%, specificity: 86.3%). Conclusions A high NLR was associated with severe renal function impairment in LN patients. NLR would be useful for diagnosis of LN and reflect severity of renal impairment. Thus, evaluating pretreatment NLR could help clinicians identify the potential renal involvement in SLE patients and distinguish LN from CN, so clinicians could conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time.