Risk and protective factors for symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common pervasive developmental disorder and present with varied severity and clinical presentation. The diagnosis of ASD in the children has a huge psychological impact among their primary caregivers, leading to distress and mental health issues. The aim of our study was to assess the association between the severity and repetitive behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety and depression levels among their primary caregivers. Materials and methods: Children with autism spectrum disorder and their primary caregivers were recruited from the child psychiatry unit of large tertiary children hospital in south India, after informed consent. Severity of ASD was assessed by Childhood Autism Rating Scale – 1 (CARS-1) and repetitive behaviour by Repetitive behaviour scale - Revised (RBS-R). Among the caregivers, anxiety levels were assessed by Hamilton rating scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and depression levels were assessed by Hamilton rating scale for Depression (HAM-D). Results: We recruited 100 children with ASD and their mothers (primary caregivers) in the study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among mothers of children with ASD was 44% and 30%. Statistically significant correlation was observed between CARS scores and HAM-A (p=0.002) and HAM-D (p less than 0.001) scores. Among the repetitive behaviours, self-injurious behaviour was found to be significantly associated with anxiety (p less than 0.001) and depression (p less than 0.001) scores, while stereotyped (P =0.002) and compulsive (p=0.004) behaviours were associated with depression scores. Conclusion: There is a significant association between severity of autism spectrum disorder and anxiety and depression among their mothers.

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Risk and protective factors underlying depression and suicidal ideation in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.22759 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 648-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Darren Hedley ◽

Mirko Uljarević ◽

Kitty-Rose Foley ◽

Amanda Richdale ◽

Julian Trollor

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder

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Effectiveness of parent training in improving stress-coping capability, anxiety, and depression in mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorder

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment ◽

10.2147/ndt.s188387 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 3355-3362 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Naoko Iida ◽

Yoshihisa Wada ◽

Tatsuhisa Yamashita ◽

Michiko Aoyama ◽

Kiyoshi Hirai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Parent Training ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Stress Coping ◽

Raising Children

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A conceptual model of risk and protective factors associated with internalizing symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review, synthesis, and call for more research

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s095457942000084x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1254-1272

Author(s):

Heather A. Yarger ◽

Elizabeth Redcay

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Life Stress ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Adults With Autism

AbstractThis paper reviews and synthesizes key areas of research related to the etiology, development, and maintenance of internalizing symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In developing an integrated conceptual model, we draw from current conceptual models of internalizing symptoms in ASD and extend the model to include factors related to internalizing within other populations (e.g., children that have experienced early life stress, children with other neurodevelopmental conditions, typically developing children) that have not been systematically examined in ASD. Our review highlights the need for more research to understand the developmental course of internalizing symptoms, potential moderators, and the interplay between early risk and protective factors. Longitudinal studies incorporating multiple methods and both environmental and biological factors will be important in order to elucidate these mechanisms.

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