scholarly journals The Effects of Product Line Prices and Competitors' Prices on Consumers’ Evaluations of Reference Price Advertisements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Shuh Lii ◽  
Chieh Lun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Reference Price ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

This study presents empirical evidence on the effect of product-line prices and competitors' prices on consumers' price judgments as well as on consumers' use of advertised reference price (A.R.P.) as reference across two product categories. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design experiment, the findings indicated that consumers did not consider product line prices as an important reference. Competitors' prices were found to be a significant reference in the case of frequently purchased product categories. The moderating roles of product line prices and competitors' prices in reference price advertisements were not found. A.R.P. still exerted the greatest influence on consumers' evaluations of a promotional offer across two product categories.

A factorial design experiment as a pilot study for noninvasive genetic sampling

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON RENAN ◽  
EDITH SPEYER ◽  
NAAMA SHAHAR ◽  
TOMER GUETA ◽  
ALAN R. TEMPLETON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Noninvasive Genetic Sampling ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

Sodium Propionate To Control Clostridium botulinum Toxigenesis in a Shelf-Stable Beef Product Prepared by Using Combined Processes Including Irradiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PAULA SUÁREZ REBOLLO ◽  
H. RICARDO RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
MARCELO O. MASANA ◽  
JORGE A. LASTA
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Shelf Stable ◽  
Processing Factors ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

The antibotulinal effect of sodium propionate was evaluated by a factorial-design experiment and by an inoculated-pack study on a shelf-stable beef product. Processing of samples involved curing, cooking, vacuum packing, and gamma irradiation. The factorial-design experiment involved 240 samples treated with 0, 0.8, 2.0, and 3.3% sodium propionate, challenged with 101 to 105 spores of type A Clostridium botulinum per package, irradiated with 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kGy, and stored at 28°C for up to 4 months. In the pack study, 110 samples with 2% added sodium propionate were challenged with 108 spores of C. botulinum per package, irradiated with 12.5 kGy, and stored (28°C) for 8 months. Addition of 0.8% sodium propionate resulted in a delay (compared to control samples) in toxigenesis of 18 (5 kGy), 34 (2.5 kGy), and 34 (7.5 kGy) days, while no toxin was detected in samples irradiated with 10 kGy. Samples containing 2 and 3.3% sodium propionate were not toxic at any irradiation dose assayed. A safety level, expressed as the number of decimal reductions (DR = log 1/P) for the combination 0.8% sodium propionate and 10 kGy, was estimated to be >4.4. In the inoculated pack study, 2 of 107 samples became toxic, and the safety level treatment resulted in 10.7 DR. Sodium propionate in combination with other processing factors was very effective in preventing C. botulinum toxigenesis: it can be used as a further safety hurdle in the development of shelf-stable meat products.

Some factors influencing vision through meshes

1969 ◽  
Vol 312 (1508) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
First Order ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment ◽  
Window Screening

The problem of designing window screening devices involves the optimization of several conflicting environmental requirements for which few data exist on the aspect of outward vision. Three experiments are described in which the vision obstructing characteristics of a mesh-screening material are investigated. Experiment 1 shows the relevance, in a field situation, of employing a factorial design. Experiment 2 used a one-eighth replicate 2 11 factorial design to determine the more significant variables and first order interactions responsible for limiting vision through a mesh. The measurement of visual acuity and the technique of ratio scaling were used to record visibility. Visual task luminance was selected for further study in experiment 3 where Stevens’ power law was established between direct magnitude estimates of ‘ease of seeing’ and visual acuity scores. It is suggested that this technique be extended to scale the effects on visibility of a number of the other variables thus making possible the total functional and cost optimization of window screening materials.

The Effect of Proposal Appearance on the Technical Evaluation Scoring of Government Proposals

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Dycus
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Color Printing ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

The effect of proposal appearance on technical evaluation scoring was examined experimentally. Two mock proposals were prepared—one from the A Corporation and the other from the B Corporation. Each proposal was prepared in two versions—a “nice” appearing version (stylized “logoed” pages, offset two-color printing, heavy paper stock, plastic 19-ring spiral binding), and a “poor” appearing version (single-spaced typed pages, xerox reproduction, cheap transparent plastic cover, staple binding.) The proposals were scored against a set of eight evaluation questions by twenty-eight experienced government evaluators in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment. No statistically significant effects of appearance on evaluation scoring were detected. A general model is presented that describes impression in terms of proposal appearance versus proposal thought content. The experiment is interpreted in terms of this model, and “real-world” applications of the model are discussed.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin composition and extraction from Grenache noir (Vitis vinifera L.) vine leaf using an experimental design. I - By ethanol or sulfur dioxide

OENO One ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Rim Nabli ◽  
Sami Achour ◽  
Michaël Jourdes ◽  
Pierre-Louis Teissedre ◽  
Ahmed N. Helal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment ◽  
Anthocyanin Composition

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Anthocyanins are water soluble pigments mainly located in grape skin; however, these phenolic compounds are also located in vine leaves. The aim of this work was to identify, quantify and determine for the first time the anthocyanin composition in Grenache noir (<em>Vitis vinifera</em>) leaves.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Five anthocyanins were identified and quantified in Grenache noir leaves by HPLC-UV-MS. Of these, cyanidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and peonidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside were the main anthocyanins and represented 44 and 37%, respectively, while delphinidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside, petunidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and malvidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside accounted for only 6, 5 and 8%, respectively. A multi-factorial design experiment was used to build a mathematical model to estimate the best extraction condition (highest anthocyanin extraction yield from leaf extract) for both SO<sub>2</sub> and ethanol in the aqueous extraction solvent. For SO<sub>2</sub>, the optimal extraction parameters were an extraction time ranging between 5.77 and 6 h, a temperature ranging between 20 and 23.7°C and a concentration of 500 ppm of SO<sub>2</sub> in the aqueous extraction solvent. Using the hydro-alcoholic extraction solvent, the optimal extraction parameters were an extraction time ranging between 3 and 4.37 h, a temperature set at 20°C and an ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent ranging between 32 and 40%.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Only the five mono-glucoside anthocyanins usually detected in grapes have been detected, indentified and quantified in Grenache noir leaves by HPLC-UV-MS. Using a multi-factorial design experiment the optimum conditions for the extraction of these anthocyanins were obtained in hydro-alcoholic solution (i.e., extraction time ranging between 3 and 4.37 h, a temperature set at 20°C and an ethanol concentration ranging between 32 and 40%) and in water with SO<sub>2</sub> (i.e., extraction time ranging between 5.77 and 6 h, a temperature ranging between 20 and 23.7°C and a concentration of 500 ppm of SO<sub>2</sub> in water).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Five anthocyanins were detected, identified and quantified in Grenache noir leaves by HPLC-UV-MS and the main anthocyanin were with cyanidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside and peonidin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside. The</p>

The Impact of Regulatory Fit on Postdecision Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Huaiyong Wang ◽  
Yongfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decision Mode ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment

We investigated the effect of regulatory fit between regulatory focus and decision mode on postdecision evaluation, and the mechanism underlying this effect, in a 2 (regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention) × 2 (decision mode: intuitive vs. deliberative) between-subjects factorial-design experiment. Participants were 92 undergraduate students who underwent regulatory focus priming before performing a multiattribute decision-making task, and then completed measures concerning postdecision evaluation and feeling right. Results showed that promotion-focused participants in intuitive mode made a more favorable postdecision evaluation than did those in deliberative mode, whereas prevention-focused participants in deliberative mode made a more favorable postdecision evaluation than did those in intuitive mode. The mechanism underlying this impact was the experience of feeling right. Implications for future research are discussed.

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