Terrestrial and aerophilic nonmotile green microalgae (Chlorophyta) from regions of investigation of Russian Antarctic expedition

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
V. M. Andreyeva ◽  
L. E. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Species Number ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic

The first summary of soil and nonmotile aerophilic green microalgae (Chlorophyta) from 7 regions of investigation of Russian Antarctic expedition is presented. 48 species of 33 genera were found. The areas of Bellingshausen Station (25 species) and Novolazarevskaya Station (21 species) are richest in the number and diversity of taxa. The smallest species number was observed in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic nunataks — areas of Leningradskaya Station (2 species) and Russkaya Station (4 species). Only Pseudococcomyxa simplex occurs in all the areas. Three species (Coccomyxa curvata, Muriellopsis sphaerica and Schizochlamydella minutissima) are known to 5 areas.

Origins of the Russian Antarctic expedition: 1819–1821

Polar Record ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erki Tammiksaar ◽  
Tarmo Kiik
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Real ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTIn 1819, the Russian government launched two expeditions: the first squadron of two ships departed to explore the southern polar areas, and the second set out for the northern polar areas. The expedition to the southern polar areas took place under the command of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. Up to the present day, very little information is available, from the Russian literature, about the initiator and main goals of the expedition. At the same time, the travels and main results of the expedition have been widely popularised, but not necessarily accurately, in Russian as well as in English. On the basis of recently discovered documents, this article attempts to establish who the initiator of these Russian expeditions was, how the expeditions were prepared, and whether the main tasks of the expeditions were realised. The conclusion is that Jean-Baptiste Prevost de Sansac, Marquis de Traversay was the initiator of the Russian Antarctic expedition, not the Russian navigators Adam Johan von Krusenstern, Otto von Kotzebue, Gavrila A. Sarychev or Vasilii M. Golovnin as stated in Soviet publications. The real aim of the expedition was to discover the Antarctic continent which would have added glory to de Traversay as well as to Emperor Alexander I and, in a wider sense, also to the Russian empire. All dates are given according to the old style calendar. The difference with the new style calendar is 12 days.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE NELLA FJORD WATER-ICE ECOSYSTEM (PRUDS BAY, EAST ANTARCTIC): SEASON RAE-65

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
I. A. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic

During the seasonal work of the Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE-65), the monitoring of the water-ice ecological system was conducted in the Nella fjord (Prude Bay, East Antarctica). This monitoring is conducted annually since the IPY in 2007 in frames of the project “Assessment of the ecology of the Antarctic sea ice zone” (“Krial”) (Melnikov, 2020). The purpose of the monitoring is the assessment of the role of water-ice biota in global biosphere processes in the Southern Ocean.

Russian geographical names on the map of Аntarctica as a cultural heritage site. To the 200th anniversary of the discovery of Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
A.I. Elchaninov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic

The article is devoted to the discovery of the Antarctic by Russian navigators, the study, mapping and designation of its shores and adjacent islands. Russian names were given to many new found geographic features. The list of some Russian geographical names is shown on the map of Antarctica. The maps of the Bellingshausen–Lazarev sailing expedition in 1819–1821 are given; the Russian geographical names are highlighted on them. The article is also devoted to the first Russian Antarctic expedition of 1819–1821, the discovery of the Antarctic by Russian navigators F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev on the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny", the study, mapping and marking of its shores and adjacent Islands. The expedition discovered 29 Islands. The discoverers assigned Russian names to many of new found geographic objects of Antarctica. These names are highlighted in the article. The following maps are presented

Hydrological and hydrochemical studies in the Antarctic waters by the 57th Russian Antarctic expedition

Oceanology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Antipov ◽  
A. A. Artamonov ◽  
K. V. Artamonova ◽  
L. A. Dukhova ◽  
V. V. Maslennikov
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Hydrochemical Studies ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE WATER-ICE ECOSYSTEM IN THE ANTARCTIC COASTAL AREA ON MATERIALS OF THE RAE-64

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
I.A. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
International Polar ◽  
The Antarctic

During the seasonal work of the Russian Antarctic expedition (RAE-64) in the Nella fjord at the continental station “Progress” (Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica), the monitoring of the water-ice ecological system has been carried out here annually since the International polar year (2007). The purpose of monitoring is to show the role of sea ice biota in the global biosphere processes of the Southern ocean.

scholarly journals Hydrological characteristics of lakes in the eastern part of the Broknes Peninsula, Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Boronina ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
G. V. Pryakhina
Keyword(s):  
East Antarctica ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Broknes Peninsula (the area of the Progress station, Larsemann Hills, Princess Elisabeth Land, East Antarctica) is characterized by the presence of well developed hydrographic network consisting of reservoirs located not only in the bedrock, but also inside the glacier thickness and on its surface. As a rule, most of them are dammed by natural snowice weirs, which are often destroyed during the Antarctic summer. As a result of this process, glacial water outburst may occur. In the course of the summer season of the 63‑th Russian  Antarctic Expedition (RAE) intensive hydrological field observations were carried out for identification and comprehensive investigation of potentially outburstprone reservoirs located in close proximity to Russian and foreign stations and field bases (area of the  Progress station and the field base Law-Racovita). The works included: the organization of temporary pile and depth-stick water gauge stations, mapping positions of the shoreline of lakes (reservoirs), bathymetric surveys of them, as well as field hydro-chemical express analyses. Based on the results of the level measurement, it was found that most of the lakes of the oasis are characterized by a sharp drop in the height of the water surface level associated with the breakthroughs. In particular, the authors witnessed the breakthrough of the Discussion Lake, which occurred on January 22, 2018. This resulted in decrease of the water level by 0.95 m. Based on the data of the bathymetric surveys, the morphometric (hydrometric) characteristics of the lakes were calculated and detailed grids (regular net of rectangular matrices, in the nodes of which some effective values of the mapped values are located) were formed for the following numerical modeling of hypothetical and real breakthroughs of water bodies and construction of estimated hydrographs.

scholarly journals Formation factors of surface inflow to antarctic lakes of the Larsemann Hills oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309
Author(s):  
M. R. Kuznetsova ◽  
G. V. Priakhina ◽  
S. D. Grigoreva ◽  
E. R. Kiniabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Inflow ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Outburst Flood ◽  
Antarctic Lakes ◽  
Larsemann Hills ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Russian Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Identify Formation ◽  
The Antarctic

The study aims to identify formation factors of water inflow to the Antarctic lakes of the Larsemann Hills oasis (East Antarctica). The objects of study are 11 lakes of the oasis. The analysis was performed based on the expeditionary data of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE): 63rd season (23 December 2017 – 3 February 2018), 64th season (12 January 2019 – 27 February 2019), 65th season (2 November 2019 – 24 March 2020). Data of lakes water level observations, aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and route surveys are given, the results of identifying the boundaries of the lakes catchments are presented. The factors that determine the formation of water inflow to the lakes in this region were identified based on the analysis of the materials. The most significant are the meteorological conditions, the presence of perennial snowfields and glacial areas in the catchments, and the presence of lakes that can cause outburst flood. The seasonally thawed layer also has an impact on the formation of the inflow to the lakes. The vegetation cover is not so important for inflow formation in this region due to the physical and geographical conditions. As for anthropogenic activity, it mainly affects the environmental situation of the catchments and water quality, while the anthropogenic influence on the formation of water inflow to the lakes in the oasis is limited to the territories of polar stations. The factors identified should be taken into account in the further study of hydrological processes, the creation of models that describe them, and the organization of field observations.

scholarly journals Glaciological and Geomorphological Reconnaissance in the Antarctic in 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Shumskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Regime ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary account of the glaciological observations made by the Antarctic Expedition of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land and Knox Coast in 1956. The topography of the edge of the ice sheet is described, and the ice regime is discussed, particularly in relation to the existence of ice-free areas such as “Bunger’s oasis”.

Mawson’s views on use of natural resources in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Shaughnessy ◽  
Mark Pharaoh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Southern Elephant Seals ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.

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