scholarly journals Maximization of Female Contribution in Global Workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYSHA RIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Motivation To Work

<p>The global gender inequality in the decision-making roles is generally associated with women’s behavioral, socio-economic, and cognitive abilities. This agenda is in local, international, and global prospect for more than a decade and still, parity is in question. The research undertaken for this thesis endeavors to classify the antecedent of the phenomenon while examining the developments made by governing bodies in- and outside an organizational framework. A Difference in Difference estimation approach is employed to two different panel data samples with ordinal scales. The aim is to identify and measure the relevance of factors implemented by local and global bodies to promote female contribution at the decision-making level. The first sample consists of panel data from the year 2015 to 2019 based on a sample group of 154 female participants. Thirty-three factors are classified through primary and secondary research, and causality among these variables and women’s motivation to work in decision-making roles is analyzed. The second sample consists of 43 countries from high and Upper-middle-income countries from the year 2000 to 2019. Five policies promoting gender equality implemented by governing bodies and their significance on female participation in decision-making hierarchies are analyzed. </p><p>Findings indicate that thirty factors from the first sample significantly influence women’s motivation to work in executive roles. In the second sample, three policies have significantly influenced the proportion of women in middle and senior management in sample countries after the year 2015.</p>

scholarly journals Maximization of Female Contribution in Global Workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYSHA RIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Motivation To Work

<p>The global gender inequality in the decision-making roles is generally associated with women’s behavioral, socio-economic, and cognitive abilities. This agenda is in local, international, and global prospect for more than a decade and still, parity is in question. The research undertaken for this thesis endeavors to classify the antecedent of the phenomenon while examining the developments made by governing bodies in- and outside an organizational framework. A Difference in Difference estimation approach is employed to two different panel data samples with ordinal scales. The aim is to identify and measure the relevance of factors implemented by local and global bodies to promote female contribution at the decision-making level. The first sample consists of panel data from the year 2015 to 2019 based on a sample group of 154 female participants. Thirty-three factors are classified through primary and secondary research, and causality among these variables and women’s motivation to work in decision-making roles is analyzed. The second sample consists of 43 countries from high and Upper-middle-income countries from the year 2000 to 2019. Five policies promoting gender equality implemented by governing bodies and their significance on female participation in decision-making hierarchies are analyzed. </p><p>Findings indicate that thirty factors from the first sample significantly influence women’s motivation to work in executive roles. In the second sample, three policies have significantly influenced the proportion of women in middle and senior management in sample countries after the year 2015.</p>

scholarly journals Election Administration, Resource Allocation, and Turnout: Evidence From Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 001041402093808
Author(s):  
J. Andrew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Election Administration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Policy Choices

Decisions about how to organize and run an election can shape political participation. Policy choices may distribute election resources unequally, skewing voting outcomes. In low- and middle-income countries where electoral capacity and resources are scarce and decision-making highly centralized, election administration has the potential to shape results on a large scale. In the context of Kenya’s August 2017 elections, I study the consequences of a legislated threshold that determines the capacity of polling centers to quickly serve voters by reducing election-day lines. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that turnout is 2.4% lower in congested polling places just below the threshold relative to polling places above the threshold. Relative to other hypothetical thresholds, the chosen threshold benefits the incumbent president, as incumbent strongholds receive more polling resources than opposition areas. The results demonstrate how electoral resource allocation shapes political behavior and election outcomes.

Health Care Coverage Decision Making in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Experiences from 25 Coverage Schemes

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hialy Gutierrez ◽  
Ashwini Shewade ◽  
Minghan Dai ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-Arana ◽  
Octavio Gómez-Dantés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Care Coverage ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Coverage Decision ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Turning ‘evidence for development’ on its head: A view from Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global South ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Global North

The ‘evidence for development’ community aims to produce research that is useful and used to address issues of poverty and inequality, largely in low- and middle-income countries (often referred to as the ‘global South’). The unspoken norm, however, is that much of the engagement, funding and attention is focused on organizations and individuals in the global North, with the assumption that they are effective in supporting the needs of the global South. In this research paper, I explore the initiatives and the individuals and organizations that are working within the ‘evidence for development’ community in Africa, using the lens of the African philosophy of ubuntu. I present findings from a programme of work undertaken across Africa to identify and better understand the innovation in evidence-informed decision-making taking place across the continent. I demonstrate that, while resource-poor and not well publicized, the evidence community in Africa is world leading in a number of respects. These include the interconnections within its continent-wide network, and the engagement of some governments within its ecosystem. Reflecting on these findings, I discuss and critique the underlying foundations of patriarchy, development and coloniality that shape the field of ‘evidence for development’. I highlight how, in an era of decoloniality, post-‘development’ and antipatriarchy, the ‘evidence for development’ community risks becoming outdated and being ineffective if it does not engage with the challenges inherent within these concepts. I argue that using the alternative lens of ubuntu enables us to celebrate the successes of Southern evidence communities, and to work together on a level footing with the North to tackle the challenges of poverty and inequality through better use of evidence.

scholarly journals 22A Survey-Based Women's Empowerment Index for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The SWPER Goes Global

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Franciele Hellwig ◽  
Carolina VN Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background In 2017, a survey-based women's empowerment index (SWPER) was proposed for African countries, including three domains: social independence, decision making and attitude to violence. We explored the applicability of the SWPER in national health surveys from countries in other world regions. Methods We used data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey for 62 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) since 2000, and adapted the indicator so that it could be used for any LMIC. Adaptations included the exclusion of women's working status and recategorization of the household decision-making related items. We compared the loading patterns obtained from principal components analysis for each country separately with those obtained in a pooled dataset with all countries combined. Country rankings based on the score of each SWPER domain were correlated with their rankings in the Gender Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Inequality Index (GII). Results Most countries presented similar patterns regarding item loadings for the three SWPER empowerment domains. Correlations between the country-specific and global individual-level scores were 0.89 or higher for all countries. Correlations between the country rankings according to SWPER and GDI were, respectively, 0.74, 0.71 and 0.67 for social independence, decision-making, and attitude to violence domains. The correlations were equal to 0.82, 0.67, and 0.44, respectively, with GDI. Conclusions The SWPER global is a suitable common measure of women's empowerment for LMICs, addressing the need for a single consistent survey-based indicator of women's empowerment and allowing wider comparisons across countries and world regions.

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