scholarly journals Taxonomy and phylogeny of the basidiomycetous hyphomycete genus Hormomyces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mack ◽  
R.A. Assabgui ◽  
K.A. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Large Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Asexual Morphs

The taxonomy of the genus Hormomyces, typified by Hormomyces aurantiacus, which based on circumstantial evidence was long assumed to be the hyphomycetous asexual morph of Tremella mesenterica (Tremellales, Tremellomycetes) or occasionally Dacrymyces (Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetes), is revised. Phylogenies based on the three nuc rDNA markers [internal transcribed spacers (ITS), 28S large ribosomal subunit nrDNA (28S) and 18S small ribosomal subunit nrDNA (18S)], based on cultures from Canada and the United States, suggest that the genus is synonymous with Tulasnella (Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes) rather than Tremella or Dacrymyces. Morphological studies of 38 fungarium specimens of Hormomyces, including the type specimens of H. callorioides, H. fragiformis, H. paridiphilus and H. peniophorae and examination of the protologues of H. abieticola, H. aurantiacus and H. pezizoideus suggest that H. callorioides and H. fragiformis are conspecific with H. aurantiacus while the remaining species are unlikely to be related to Tulasnella. The conidial chains produced by H. aurantiacus are similar to monilioid cells of asexual morphs of Tulasnella species formerly referred to the genus Epulorhiza. The new combination Tulasnella aurantiaca is proposed and the species is redescribed, illustrated and compared with similar fungi. The ecological niche of T. aurantiaca and its possible relationship to orchid root endophytes is discussed. A key to asexual genera with similar conidium ontogeny to T. aurantiaca is provided.

A BIOSYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENUS MUSCIDIFURAX (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Kogan ◽  
E. F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Central America ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Scanning Electronmicroscopy ◽  
United States Mexico

AbstractExtensive collections of synanthropic fly parasitoids in animal excrement accumulations in the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Chile, Denmark, Israel, and South Africa yielded seven forms of a Muscidifurax complex which were totally or partially reproductively isolated. Morphological studies of female and male parasitoids coupled with biological and zoogeographical information permitted the identification of five sibling species. Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders 1910 is redescribed and four additional species are described as new: M. zaraptor, from the southwestern United States; M. raptoroides from Central America and Mexico; M. uniraptor from Puerto Rico, and M. raptorellus from Uruguay and Chile. Biological notes are added to the descriptions, and it was postulated that the genus is undergoing a process of speciation with local populations slowly becoming reproductively isolated and eventually giving rise to morphologically distinguishable entities. Most evidence suggests the establishment of Muscidifurax in the New World, concomitant with or shortly following the establishment of muscoid flies in accumulated excrement. Scanning electronmicroscopy was used in the analysis of some morphological structures.

A preliminary treatment of the genus Podosordaria

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Krug ◽  
R. F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Internal Tissue ◽  
Generic Description

Podosordaria Ellis et Holw. is used for those members of the Xylariaceae possessing stalkedor sessile stromata in the form of mammillate heads with erumpent ascocarps, containing whitish internal tissue, and covered with a brown to black or violaceous ectostroma; cylindrical to pyriform asci in which the ascospores may be biseriately arranged posteriorly; and one-celled, dark brown spores possessing elongated germ slits. The classical separation between Poronia Willd. ex Fr. and Podosordaria is maintained. An emended generic description and key are provided. Four new species and one new combination are described and illustrated—P. crinita on cow dung from the United States; P. ianthina on burro and goat dung from Mexico; P. phoenicea on zebra dung from Kenya; P. vinacea on burro dung from Mexico; and P. violacea (Sordaria violacea Ell. et Ev.) on cow, sheep, horse, and rabbit dung from Canada and the United States. One additional new combination, P. hircina (Poronia hircine Tai et Wei), is proposed. Brief comparative descriptions are included for those species not treated in detail. Short descriptive notes are provided for several taxa considered as doubtful representatives.

Molecular characterization ofNeoechinorhynchus cylindratusVan Cleave, 1913 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), a parasite of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in northern Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. García-Varela ◽  
C.D. Pinacho-Pinacho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Northern Mexico

AbstractMembers of the genusNeoechinorhynchusStiles & Hassall, 1905 are endoparasites of freshwater fishes, brackish water fishes, and freshwater turtles distributed worldwide. In North America, 33 species have been described. One of the most widely distributed species in the eastern United States and Canada isNeoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) cylindratus,a common acanthocephalan that infects centrarchid fishes. In the current study, adult specimens ofN. (N) cylindratuswere collected from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Purificación River in northern Mexico. In the same freshwater system, two additional congeneric species (Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) emyditoidesandNeoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) panucensis) were collected and analysed. Sequences of the large subunit, internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, 5.8S from nuclear DNA, and sequences of the cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1) from mitochondrial DNA were generated and aligned with other sequences obtained from GenBank. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses inferred for each dataset showed thatN. (N) panucensis,N. (N) emyditoidesandN. (N) cylindratuswere nested within several clades, indicating that these species do not share a common ancestor. Our phylogenies also revealed that the genusNeoechinorhynchusis paraphyletic, requiring further taxonomic revision using phylogenetic systematics and re-examination of morphological and ecological data. The presence of severalN. (N) cylindratusadults in northern Mexico allowed us to typify this species for the first time using a combination of morphological and molecular characteristics. The current record shows a wide distribution range ofN. (N) cylindratusacross Canada, the United States and Mexico in the Nearctic region.

Revision of Cardiophorus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species of eastern Canada and United States of America

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hume Douglas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractAll Cardiophorus species found in Canada and the United States of America east of the Rocky Mountains are keyed and all but those with the majority of their ranges west of the Rocky Mountains are revised. Eleven species are recognized, three of which are new to science (C. catskillensissp. nov., C. destinensissp. nov., and C. panamapolissp. nov.). Cardiophorus floridae Candèze and C. angustatus Blanchard are synonymized under C. convexus (Say). All 11 are described and taxonomically important characters are presented. Distribution maps are presented for each species. The following lectotypes are designated for species that were described from more than one specimen without former holotype designation: C. angustatus, C. floridae, C. erythropus Erichson, C. gagates Erichson, C. togatus Horn, C. robustus LeConte, C. convexulus LeConte, and C. amictus Melsheimer. The following neotypes were designated to replace destroyed type specimens: C. cardisce (Say) and C. convexus.

Th e chironomidae (Diptera) of Australia.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Freeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
United States National Museum

This is a systematic account of the species of Chironomidae from Australia based mainly on collections in Australian museums, the British Museum, and the United States National Museum. One hundred and twenty-nine species are described, 69 of them new, and keys are given to subfamilies, genera, and species. The classification proposed by Brundin (1956) has been adopted; in this, the subfamilies Diamesinae, Clunioninae, and Corynoneurinae are treated as, at the most, tribes of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Type specimens of species described by Macquart, Walker, and Skuse have been examined and the species redescribed and figured; an attempt has been made to identify Kieffer's species, the types of which are probably lost. Some account is given of the composition of the fauna, and the presence of an element in the more primitive genera similar to the fauna of the southern part of South America has been noted.

The bajocian ammonites of Western Australia

1954 ◽  
Vol 237 (651) ◽  
pp. 547-604 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
North West ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
First Time

The Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) ammonites of Western Australia are described on the basis of an extensive collection made in 1952-3 by Phillip E. Playford, who contributes a stratigraphical introduction and a geological map. In this introduction he subdivides the Jurassic sediments (total thickness at outcrop up to 550 ft.), names and defines most of the groups and formations for the first time, and elucidates complications due to lateritic alteration. All the ammonites come from the Newmarracarra Limestone (up to 38 ft. thick). The ranges of the species are determined so far as practicable. The ammonite fauna comprises at least twenty-three species (at least eleven new), now assigned to seven genera. The new collection enables Crick’s type specimens, named in 1894 on the basis of defective and inadequate material, to be reinterpreted, and necessitates complete generic revision. The age of the fauna is Middle Bajocian. Most of it belongs to the Sowerbyi Zone, but in places there is believed to be also a thin representative of the Humphriesianum Zone. A comparison (now possible for the first time) is made with the Bajocian ammonite faunas of circum-Pacific countries and central Asia: New Guinea, the Moluccas, Tibet, eastern Siberia, Alaska, western Canada, western United States, Mexico and the Andes. Photographs are given of comparable ammonites from Tibet, Canada and Argentina, not previously published photographically. Apart from the Moluccas, the peculiar Australian stephanoceratid ammonites, Pseudotoites and their allies, are not known from any of the extensive Bajocian outcrops in the Old World. Hitherto they have been thought to be confined to Western Australia. It is now shown that Pseudotoites occurs in the Moluccas, British Columbia, Alaska and Argentina, and that some rarer allied forms of Western Australia belong to the genus Zemistephanus , hitherto known only in Canada, Alaska and the United States. This distribution is held to indicate free migration across the Pacific Ocean. The regional basis of evolutionary radiation in several groups of Middle Bajocian ammonites is pointed out, and the significance of the facts for evolutionary and systematic theory is briefly stated. The Middle Bajocian stratigraphy of north-west Europe is historically summarized in order to provide a framework and scale of comparison for the Australian and circum-Pacific deposits.

The Genus Chrysopophthorus Goidanich (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. M. Mason
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
European Species ◽  
New Synonym

AbstractChrysopophthorus has a very wide distribution, occurring in four continents. C. chrysopimaginis Goidanich is placed as a new synonym of C. hungaricus (Z.-Kiss), which is transferred here from Helorimorpha (new combination). The other European species, C. elegans Tobias, is distinguished. Five new species are described; C. americanus from the United States, C. tropicalis, C. caribbeanus and C. brasileanus from South and Central America, and C. orientalis from Malaya.

scholarly journals Phomopsis Stem Canker: A Reemerging Threat to Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 990-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febina M. Mathew ◽  
Kholoud M. Alananbeh ◽  
James G. Jordahl ◽  
Scott M. Meyer ◽  
Lisa A. Castlebury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Phomopsis stem canker causes yield reductions on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on several continents, including Australia, Europe, and North America. In the United States, Phomopsis stem canker incidence has increased 16-fold in the Northern Great Plains between 2001 and 2012. Although Diaporthe helianthi was assumed to be the sole causal agent in the United States, a newly described species, D. gulyae, was found to be the primary cause of Phomopsis stem canker in Australia. To determine the identity of Diaporthe spp. causing Phomopsis stem canker in the Northern Great Plains, 275 infected stems were collected between 2010 and 2012. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, elongation factor subunit 1-α, and actin gene regions of representative isolates, in comparison with those of type specimens, confirmed two species (D. helianthi and D. gulyae) in the United States. Differences in aggressiveness between the two species were determined using the stem-wound method in the greenhouse; overall, D. helianthi and D. gulyae did not vary significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in their aggressiveness at 10 and 14 days after inoculation. These findings indicate that both Diaporthe spp. have emerged as sunflower pathogens in the United States, and have implications on the management of this disease.

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