KAJIAN ANALISIS KETIDAKPASTIAN TLD POSTAL IAEA/WHO  SEBAGAI STANDAR PROGRAM AUDIT DOSIS

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and World Health Organization (WHO) operate the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLDs) for Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) and user every year. As National Reference Laboratory in the field of radiation metrology, PTKMR – BATAN always participates in the postal dose audit programme on therapy level for 60Co beam. On the postal dose audit programme, the uncertainties in the dose determination from TLD measurements have been evaluated by IAEA, which is comprises of uncertainties in the calibration coefficient of the TLD system and uncertainties in factors correcting for dose response non linearity, fading of TL signal, energy response, and influence of TLD holder. The individual uncertainties then have been combined to estimate the total uncertaintiy in the dose evaluated from TLD measurements. The combined relative standard uncertainty in the dose determined from TLD measurements has been estimated to be 1.2% for irradiation with 60Co gamma rays and 1.6% for irradiation with high-energy X-rays. Results from irradiations by Bureau Internationale des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (PSDL), and SSDL compare favourably with the estimated uncertainties, whereas TLD results of radiotherapy centres show higher standard deviations than those derived theoretically. This paper presented the result of TLD postal dose audit for 60Co beam owned by PTKMR-BATAN in the year of 2006-2008.

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Incidence of Infection and Mortality in Surgeries of Sports Injuries during COVID-19 Pandemic at GTTH, ahore, Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs211581846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1846-1848

Author(s):

Sarmad Khalil ◽

Hizbullah Riaz Ansari ◽

Ali Ijaz Ahmad ◽

Abdullah Ali Mohammad Al-Hutam ◽

Majid Zaheer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sports Injuries ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

World Health ◽

X Rays ◽

Keywords Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Health Organization ◽

Keywords Anterior Cruciate ◽

Related Mortality

Aim: To find out if there was a negative impact or consequence of performing surgeries related to sports injuries during COVID-19 period when most of the hospital services were suspended all over the globe. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department Orthopaedic and Spine, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 19thMarch 2020 to 6thAugust 2020. Methodology: Seventy patients with sports injuries were enrolled. The history and thorough clinical examination, X-rays and CBC along with other relevant investigations were recorded. The patients were discharged in 24 to 74 hours period intervals and all the necessary SOPs regarding COVID-19 were strictly followed. Results: None of the patients who underwent procedure developed infection or acquired coronavirus illness after discharge from the hospital or during follow-ups in OPD. Conclusion: The surgeries performed during COVID-19 did not result in wound infection or patient-related mortality. Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Arthroscopy, COVID-19, Pandemic, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Sports injuries, Infection, World Health Organization (WHO)

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Australian National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory annual report, 2017

Communicable Diseases Intelligence ◽

10.33321/cdi.2020.44.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Author(s):

Jason A Roberts ◽

Linda K Hobday ◽

Aishah Ibrahim ◽

Bruce R Thorley

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Performance Criterion ◽

World Health ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Disease Surveillance System ◽

Enterovirus A71 ◽

Clinical Surveillance ◽

Health Organization

Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2017, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1.33 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, meeting the WHO performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. Three non-polio enteroviruses, coxsackievirus B1, echovirus 11 and enterovirus A71, were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia established enterovirus and environmental surveillance systems to complement the clinical system focussed on children and an ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 was isolated from sewage in Melbourne. In 2017, 22 cases of wild polio were reported with three countries remaining endemic: Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan.

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A cluster of rubella in Malta, December 2007 - January 2008

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.13.16.18840-en ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

Author(s):

G Spiteri ◽

A-M Fenech Magrin ◽

M Muscat

Keyword(s):

Close Contact ◽

Control Unit ◽

World Health ◽

Work Place ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

The Third ◽

Health Organization ◽

Travel Abroad ◽

In The Beginning ◽

And Control

A cluster of rubella has been identified by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit (IDCU) of Malta in the beginning of January 2008. Two men and a woman aged between 23 and 28 years were affected. The index case had onset of illness on 23 December 2007. The second case had onset of rash on 3 January and the third case displayed symptoms on 6 January 2008. Two of the three cases were laboratory-confirmed (IgM positive), the third displayed typical symptoms and was a close contact of a laboratory-confirmed case but was IgM and IgG negative. None of the affected patients had received vaccination against rubella and there was no history of recent travel abroad. All three cases were linked through a work place. Blood samples were submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Luxembourg, for further investigations. None of the cases had any complications. To date no further cases have been identified.

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Pneumonia Detection Using Deep Learning Architectures

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 5535-5542

Author(s):

Purohit Om Hemantkumar ◽

Rakshit Lodha ◽

Meghna Bajoria ◽

R. Sujatha

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Imaging System ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

World Health ◽

X Rays ◽

Wavelet Frame ◽

Training Models ◽

Wavelet Frame Transform ◽

Health Organization ◽

Learning Architectures

Pneumonia is an infection caused by bacteria and viruses. It can shift from mellow to serious cases. This disease causes severe damages to the lungs since they fill with fluids. This situation causes difficulty in breathing. It further prevents oxygen to reach the blood. Pneumonia is diagnosed with the help of a chest X-rays, which can also use in the diagnosis of diseases like emphysema, lung cancer, and tuberculosis. According to WHO (World Health Organization (WHO). 2001. Standardization of Interpretation of Chest Radiographs for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children. p.4.), Chest X-rays, at present, is the best available method for detecting pneumonia. Feature extraction methods like DiscreteWavelet Transform (DWT),Wavelet Frame Transform (WFT), andWavelet Packet Transform (WPT) can be used followed by any classification algorithm. In this paper, models like Squeezenet, DenseNet, and Resnet34 have been used for image recognition. In our system, the medical images were taken from Kaggle database and were recorded using a suitable imaging system. The images retrieved were then considered for input for the system where the images go through the various phases of image processing like pre-processing, edge detection and feature extraction. Later, a variety of training models are applied to know which model offers the highest accuracy.

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