Lower employees (servants) of state institutions of the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (09) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Valentina Veremenko ◽  
Elena Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Russian Empire

“BULYGINSKAYA DUMA”. AGENCY WITHOUT POWER OR POWER OF AGENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Novoselskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article considers the attitude of representatives of the top bureaucracy to the draft of the State Duma, developed by a Special Council chaired by the Minister of the Interior A.G. Bulygin in 1905. Particular attention is paid to the high officials assessments of the dignitaries of the place and role of the Duma in the system of state administration of the Russian Empire, the arguments that officials cited in favor of its convocation. It analyzes intellectual context of the emergence of the “bulyginskaya duma” (“Bulygin Duma”) project is analyzed, which largely determined the breadth of the actual, not declared powers of the people’s agency. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of state institutions, as well as materials from the personal funds of officials and public figures. The article shows that, despite the legislative nature of the Duma, it had to have significant powers. The electoral system, which was proposed and defended by the high officials, was originally modeled in such a way as to avoid the triumph of the estates principle. The monarch’s open opposition to the people’s agency was considered a politically short-sighted move, which indicated a limitation of his power. The results of the study allow considering the government policy in 1905 not as an untimely response to public demands, but as a conscious strategy for systemic political reforms.

Reflection of the Russian Empire Social Policy (1861–1914) in English-American Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Nadeshda Motorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social History ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The People ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes English and American researchers’ works which reflected the factors that influenced the formation of the state social policy of the Russian Empire in 1861–1914 and its individual aspects. It is noted that in studies on institutional history foreign scholars point to the problems in organizing the system of local government and self-government, which negatively affected the development of the social sphere. These drawbacks include the lack of institutional unity between the various branches of government and a single strategic purpose for the state development, the inability of various institutions of power to provide an effective solution to the problems of the population. These issues are indicated by A. Verner, N. Weissman, T. Pearson and others. The works of this direction contain negative or neutral assessments of the state internal policy, which included social policy. Its certain aspects have also received coverage in the studies on social history. In foreign historiography attention was paid to such problems as the development of charity in the Russian Empire and the situation of children, as and the healthcare system. For understanding the essence of the state social policy, the conclusions made by A. Lindenmeyr are of particular value. She points to gradual rationalization of assistance to the people in need as well as maintaining the general control of the state over its development. B. Gorshkov, analyzing the problem of child labor in the Russian Empire, for the first time affects the actual social policy of the state. He emphasizes that in this direction, state institutions and the public have managed to establish successful cooperation and achieve positive results.

Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.

scholarly journals The fate of an official: publishing activities of A. I. Miretsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Крылова
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Publishing Activity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

В статье рассматривается судьба чиновника министерства финансов А.И. Мирецкого. На страницах организованного им в Киеве в 1911 г. журнала А.И. Мирецкий отражал настроения многочисленной группы малообеспеченных чиновников, недовольных условиями своего существования. Его деятельность способствовала знакомству чиновников с условиями труда и быта в других государственных учреждениях и частях Российской империи, осознанию ими собственных интересов и формированию стратегии по улучшению своего положения. The article is devoted to the fate of an official of the Ministry of Finance, A.I. Miretsky, who established a magazine in Kiev in 1911. On the pages of his publication, Miretsky reflected the moods of a large group of low-income officials who were dissatisfied with the conditions of their existence. The publishing activity of Miretsky contributed to familiarizing officials with working and living conditions in other state institutions and parts of the Russian Empire, forming a strategy to improve their situation.

scholarly journals ‘MA’IDA’: THE LITTLE-KNOWN THEOLOGICAL AND LEGAL TREATISE OF MUSA BIGEEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
A. G. Khairutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the description and introduction of the translation into Russian of one of the little-known theological and juridical works ‘Ma’ida’ (‘The Meal’) which was written by the prominent Tatar religious thinker Musa Jarullah Bigeev. The book published in 1914 is devoted to the identifi cation, analysis and solution of the Shari‘a problems in determining, what is permitted and what is forbidden in the Muslim diet. The work of the Tatar theologian is a good example of evolution of the Islamic fi qh and the actualization of Shari‘a in the conditions of Russian society on the eve of the great upheavals. It was written as a review on a number of social processes that took place in 1913–1914. In particular, the work is a response of Islamic traditional scientist to the legislative initiative of right-wing parties regarding the ritual slaughtering, submitted to the Duma in November 1913, which indicated a strong activity of M. Bigeev in the integration of the mechanisms of Islamic law in state institutions of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Office of the general governor of Turkestan and its activity in historiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Hujayorova Sadokat
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Order ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article describes the period of the invasion of the Russian Empire, one of the darkest and most dangerous periods in the history of Turkestan, and the historiography of its governing regimes, methods of administration and state institutions and their activities. By the nineteenth century, the khanates, weakened by civil war, could not withstand the onslaught of the Russian Empire. This was because they were hostile to each other. After the Russian Empire conquered Turkestan, it established its own colonial order. The goal was to keep Turkestan under its chains for a long time and to suppress the feelings of national liberation. To this end, he introduced his own administrative style, including the governor's office, which was the main governing body. This small research paper describes the policy of the Russian Empire towards these goals and its coverage in historiography.

scholarly journals Mongolian Trace in the Criminal Penalties Institute in Buryat Society of the Russian Empire in XIX Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Yuri P. Garmaev ◽  
Navaan Gantulga ◽  
Yuri V. Kharmaev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to a scientific study of the criminal penalties status in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in its outlying areas, in particular Transbaikal territory, mainly populated by the Buryats. The modern local institution of criminal penalties is justly criticize due to unsatisfactory implementation of criminal responsibility and the failure to achieve the main goals of penalties in society. The solution of pending problems in this field is impossible without taking into account, both historical and positive foreign experience. Empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectic logic. It is interesting to see the experience of criminal penalties in the Russian Empire of the XIX century in Buryat society, which seamlessly combine both Russian traditions and the customs of the neighboring Mongolian state. Legal regulation of the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in the XIX century, in the context of preventing criminal acts is based on the peculiarities of delineation of legal proceedings depending on categories of the crimes committed. As the study reveals, prevention of new crimes in the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in XIX century (in the Buryat society) and correction of the offender were achieved primarily through public institutions (local government, tribal and clan communities). We believe that in modern conditions, along with the state institutions of subjects of prevention, the possibility of preventive measures by the mentioned institutions should not be discounted.   

scholarly journals Catching up through comparison: The making of Finland as a political unit, 1809–1863

2021 ◽  
pp. 0961463X2199034
Author(s):  
Jussi Kurunmäki ◽  
Jani Marjanen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

The creation of Finland as a grand duchy within the Russian Empire in 1809 opened up the question of what Finland was, in fact. Comparing Finland synchronously with other countries and diachronically with itself before and after its elevation into a grand duchy gained temporal features in which its level of development was assessed. Such temporal comparisons during the first half of the 19th century were used to shape Finland as a political unit, as they facilitated assessment of which parts of society needed to improve in order to make the country comparable with imagined or real others. Given that the Diet (the Estate Assembly) was not convened between 1809 and 1863, these comparative notions largely dealt with questions of political constitution and state institutions. The comparative mindset of the Finnish actors also developed in the process of conducting temporal comparisons. These comparisons can be analyzed through the analytical categories of descriptive synchronization, comparative synchronization, and participative synchronization, the last mentioned being possible only when Finnish actors began to think that Finland, indeed, had developed to a level of maturity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document