scholarly journals Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Javad Dale Allen ◽  
Kathryn Fox ◽  
Heather Tara Schatten ◽  
D.Phil. Jill Miranda Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Critical Feedback ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Research indicates that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impulsive traits, but not impulsive behavior on laboratory tasks, even in the context of negative mood. However, previous studies may not have induced forms of negative affect most relevant to NSSI. For example, evidence implicates both self-criticism and feeling criticized by others in NSSI engagement. We conducted two studies examining whether negative mood related to criticism increases impulsive decision-making among individuals with NSSI histories, using a gambling task embedded with auditory critical comments; participants imagined loved ones saying these comments to them. Study 1 evaluated community adults with (n = 33) and without (n = 31) NSSI histories. Despite no group differences in task performance, we found an association between past-year NSSI frequency and more impulsive choices during criticism. This was confirmed in Study 2 using a separate sample of adults (n = 69) with more frequent and recent NSSI. In regression models including self-criticism and depressive symptoms, only task performance (i.e., decision-making while receiving critical feedback) predicted NSSI frequency across multiple measurement periods. These studies suggest that more frequent and recent NSSI is associated with neurocognitive impulsivity, specifically in negative emotional contexts involving actual or imagined criticism in close relationships.

scholarly journals Behavioral measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nina M. Lutz ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Ian M. Goodyer ◽  
Anupam Bhardwaj ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Methods Computerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the ROOTS project which recruited adolescents from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. NSSI was categorized as sporadic (1-3 instances per year) or repetitive (4 or more instances per year). Analyses were carried out in a series of linear and negative binomial regressions, controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and recent depressive symptoms. Results Adolescents with lifetime NSSI, and repetitive NSSI specifically, made significantly more perseverative errors on the Probabilistic Reversal Task and exhibited significantly lower quality of decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task compared to no-NSSI controls. Those with sporadic NSSI did not significantly differ from no-NSSI controls on task performance. NSSI was not associated with behavioral measures of impulsivity. Conclusions Repetitive NSSI is associated with increased behavioral compulsivity and disadvantageous decision making, but not with behavioral impulsivity. Future research should continue to investigate how neurocognitive phenotypes contribute to the onset and maintenance of NSSI, and determine whether compulsivity and addictive features of NSSI are potential targets for treatment.

scholarly journals Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J.D. Allen ◽  
Kathryn R. Fox ◽  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Jill M. Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

scholarly journals The Bangor Gambling Task: Characterising the Performance of Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lynne Ruth Adlam ◽  
Malcolm Adams ◽  
Oliver Turnbull ◽  
Giles Yeates ◽  
Fergus Gracey
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Impaired Performance

The Bangor Gambling Task (BGT, Bowman & Turnbull, 2004) is a simple test of emotion-based decision making, with contingencies varying across five blocks of 20 trials. This is the first study to characterise BGT performance in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to healthy controls. The study also aimed to explore sub-groups (cluster analysis), and identify predictors of task performance (multiple regression). Thirty survivors of TBI and thirty-nine controls completed the BGT and measures of processing speed, pre-morbid IQ, working memory, and executive function. Results showed that survivors of TBI made more gamble choices than controls (total BGT score), although the groups did not significantly differ when using a cut-off score for ‘impaired’ performance. Unexpectedly, the groups did not significantly differ in their performance across the blocks; however, the cluster analysis revealed three subgroups (with survivors of TBI and controls represented in each cluster). Findings also indicated that only age and group were significant predictors of overall BGT performance. In conclusion, the study findings are consistent with an individual difference account of emotion-based decision making, and a number of issues need to be addressed prior to recommending the clinical use of the BGT.

Why Does Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Improve Mood? A Preliminary Test of Three Hypotheses

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Fox ◽  
Kaitlyn E. Toole ◽  
Joseph C. Franklin ◽  
Jill M. Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Pain Condition ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Mood Repair ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) often state that it helps them feel better. We tested three hypotheses through which this mood modification might occur. Following a negative mood induction, adults reporting past year NSSI were randomized into a control (i.e., sitting alone quietly), mild distraction, or pain condition. All participants completed mood ratings at regular intervals. No mood repair occurred in the control condition. However, distraction improved mood both during and after the activity. Participants who self-administered pain reported no overall mood change, suggesting that contrary to popular NSSI theories, pain likely does not improve mood via distraction. However, as predicted, level of self-criticism moderated mood change during pain. Participants high on self-criticism felt significantly better during pain and participants low on self-criticism felt significantly worse during pain. Findings shed light on how NSSI improves mood by clarifying the circumstances under which different affect regulation processes may operate.

Decision-making and cognitive abilities: A review of associations between Iowa Gambling Task performance, executive functions, and intelligence

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie E. Toplak ◽  
Geoff B. Sorge ◽  
André Benoit ◽  
Richard F. West ◽  
Keith E. Stanovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task
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