FOXD2 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the forkhead box D2, encoded by FOXD2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). FOXD2 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). FOXD2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of FOXD2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of FOXD2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

XCR1 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/gyqtf ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the receptor for chemokines XCL1 and XCL2, the X-C motif chemokine receptor 1, encoded by XCR1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). XCR1 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). XCR1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of XCR1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of XCR1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Secretagogin is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/drzn7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that secretagogin, encoded by SCGN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). Secretagogin was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). SCGN mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SCGN in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of SCGN expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

ERH is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/qf9us ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the enhancer of rudimentary homolog, encoded by ERH, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). ERH was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). ERH mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ERH in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of ERH expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

ASZ1 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/pgbv2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Leucine Zipper ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Basic Leucine Zipper ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1, encoded by ASZ1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). ASZ1 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). ASZ1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ASZ1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient post-progression survival. Modulation of ASZ1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Biglycan (BGN) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/h93pf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that biglycan, encoded by BGN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of with patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Interestingly, biglycan was also among the genes most differentially expressed transcriptome-wide when comparing primary tumors of the breast to normal breast tissue. We observed significant down-regulation of biglycan in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of BGN may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests a role for changes in biglycan expression during a spectrum of transformation from benign tissue of the breast, primary tumor and finally to metastasis of the brain.

CTC-338M12.4, an uncharacterized locus, is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/u5jmg ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that that an uncharacterized locus, CTC-338M12.4 (LOC101928649), was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. CTC-338M12.4 was also differentially expressed in primary tumors of the breast when compared to normal breast tissue. CTC-338M12.4 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in brain metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Molecular functions and up-regulation of CTC-338M12.4 may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

POT1 is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/b36jq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that protection of telomeres 1, encoded by POT1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. An antisense non-coding RNA transcribed at the POT1 locus was also found to be differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer. POT1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of POT1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of POT1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.

Rab11 family-interacting protein 4, RAB11FIP4, is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/m32yb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that Rab11 family-interacting protein 4, encoded by RAB11FIP4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RAB11FIP4 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RAB11FIP4 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Modulation of RAB11FIP4 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

TOM1L2 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/y4am3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the target of myb1-like 2, encoded by TOM1L2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TOM1L2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TOM1L2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TOM1L2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

The gastrin releasing peptide, GRP, is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/5d2n9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

Microarray Data ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the gastrin releasing peptide, encoded by GRP, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Molecular functions of gastrin releasing peptide may be relevant to the processes by which tumor cells of the breast metastasize to the breast. Down-regulation of GRP may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.