scholarly journals How Quarks can be derived to Weak Interaction and Spin Classification with respect to the Pauli Exclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Weak Interaction ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Physics Concepts ◽  
Integrate Modeling ◽  
Quark Models ◽  
New Research ◽  
Crucial Part

In this paper, we will strive to derive how quarks relate to spin classification and weak interactions with respect to the Pauli exclusion principle. Papers such as [2] and [3] inspired us to investigate quarks and their connections to weak interaction and spin classification. Being able to understand the inner workings of quarks would help scientists understand how physics work at the smallest level. By deriving it to contemporary physics concepts such as weak interaction, it would allow us to understand how very recent discoveries such as quarks work in the presence of interactions not designed for them. We will present research that attempt to construct how quarks work in weak interactions and prove how quarks play a crucial part in spin classification through using quark models that show why quarks are constrained by the Pauli exclusion principle and tables that show how they affect spin classification through their own properties and spin identifiers. Understanding these interactions will help contribute to every physicist always growing understanding of quarks and will help integrate modeling into the studying of quarks. Quarks are a crucial part of physics at the smallest level and this paper will contribute to knowledge already known and could be used to help other scientists learn more and publish new research about quarks.

INNOVATION CAPABILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Darwina Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in county’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total businesses. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main aim for the research is to examine the relationship between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. This conceptual paper also extends to the vague revelation on Business Strategy in which act as a moderator between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and SMEs Performance. Conclusively, this study proposes a new research directions and hypotheses development to examine the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.

Hardness and HOMO-LUMO Gap Probed by the Helium Atom Pushing the Molecular Surface of the First-Row Hydride Molecules

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Małolepsza ◽  
Lucjan Piela
Keyword(s):  
Helium Atom ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
Molecular Surface ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Repulsion Energy ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Probe Site ◽  
Homo Lumo

A molecular surface defined as an isosurface of the valence repulsion energy may be hard or soft with respect to probe penetration. As a probe, the helium atom has been chosen. In addition, the Pauli exclusion principle makes the electronic structure change when the probe pushes the molecule (at a fixed positions of its nuclei). This results in a HOMO-LUMO gap dependence on the probe site on the isosurface. A smaller gap at a given probe position reflects a larger reactivity of the site with respect to the ionic dissociation.

Identical Particles and Second Quantization: Occupation Number Representation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Morgenstern Horing
Keyword(s):  
Occupation Number ◽  
Annihilation Operator ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
Second Quantization ◽  
Identical Particles ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Minimum Uncertainty ◽  
Creation Operators

Focusing on systems of many identical particles, Chapter 2 introduces appropriate operators to describe their properties in terms of Schwinger’s “measurement symbols.” The latter are then factorized into “creation” and “annihilation” operators, whose fundamental properties and commutation/anticommutation relations are derived in conjunction with the Pauli exclusion principle. This leads to “second quantization” with the Hamiltonian, number, linear and angular momentum operators expressed in terms of the annihilation and creation operators, as well as the occupation number representation. Finally, the concept of coherent states, as eigenstates of the annihilation operator, having minimum uncertainty, is introduced and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle for Electrons at LNGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shi ◽  
S. Bartalucci ◽  
S. Bertolucci ◽  
C. Berucci ◽  
A.M. Bragadireanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle

Thermonuclear plasma conditions in stellar interiors

1981 ◽  
Vol 300 (1456) ◽  
pp. 641-648
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Thermonuclear Reactions ◽  
Radiated Energy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Stellar Interiors ◽  
Late Stages

Thermonuclear reactions provide the main source of radiated energy for stars and they are also believed to be responsible for the production of most of the heavy elements in the Universe. The thermonuclear plasma is confined by the force of gravitation and for most of a star’s history the reactions occur slowly and steadily. In some circumstances, the properties of a star change very rapidly and explosive nuclear reactions occur. In very dense stellar interiors the energy states available to electrons may be limited by the Pauli exclusion principle. When thermonuclear reactions start in such a degenerate gas, a rise in temperature is not accompanied by a significant rise in pressure and as a result there may be a runaway increase in reaction rate. In contrast, when reactions start in a non-degenerate gas, there is normally an effective thermostat. A star is usually opaque to reaction products, so that there is no problem in maintaining the reaction temperature, but at late stages of stellar evolution nuclear or elementary particle reactions may produce large numbers of neutrinos and antineutrinos that do escape.

scholarly journals Two-Cooper-pair problem and the Pauli exclusion principle

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter V. Pogosov ◽  
Monique Combescot ◽  
Michel Crouzeix
Keyword(s):  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle

scholarly journals X rays on quantum mechanics: Pauli Exclusion Principle and collapse models at test

2015 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 012068 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Curceanu ◽  
S Bartalucci ◽  
A Bassi ◽  
S Bertolucci ◽  
C Berucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Collapse Models

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Entrepreneurship in Taiwan’s Small & Medium Enterprises – Case Studies of Six Manufacturing Companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Wen-Chia Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Research ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Crucial Part

Entrepreneurship with organization setting has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. From previous literature reviews, we found that little attention has been paid toward the entrepreneurial management model with the starting-up phases of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by proposing a research framework that integrates both entrepreneurship literature and Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) literature. To address this problem, a new research method based on integrating cases study and in-depth interviews methods are also proposed. According to the results, the individual factor was the central part among the four contributing factors (reproduction, imitation, valorization, and venture). With respect to the six dimensions of entrepreneurship (strategic orientation, commitment to opportunity, commitment to resources, control over resources, management frame, and compensation philosophy), the enterprises interviewed in this research all set forth their perspectives. As for the four kinds of entrepreneurial status, there were four entrepreneurial imitation companies and two entrepreneurial venture companies in this research. To conclude, several propositions were proposed, and the results released that the individual factor was the crucial part among the four contributing factors. Research also examined the main dimensions of entrepreneurship for analyzing the theoretical basis.

scholarly journals VIP: AN EXPERIMENT TO SEARCH FOR A VIOLATION OF THE PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Milotti ◽  
S. Bartalucci ◽  
S. Bertolucci ◽  
M. Bragadireanu ◽  
M. Cargnelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Pauli Exclusion Principle ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a basic principle of Quantum Mechanics, and its validity has never been seriously challenged. However, given its fundamental standing, it is very important to check it as thoroughly as possible. Here we describe the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment, an improved version of the Ramberg and Snow experiment (E. Ramberg and G. Snow, Phys. Lett. B238, 438 (1990)); VIP has just completed the installation at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory, and aims to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to β2/2 ≈ 10-30 - 10-31. We report preliminary experimental results and briefly discuss some of the implications of a possible violation.

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