scholarly journals When Refugee Exposure Increases Incumbent Support through Development: Evidence from Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang Zhou ◽  
Guy Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Far Right ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Citizen Support ◽  
Combining Information

How does exposure to refugees affect elections, development, and citizen support for migration within the Global South? In the context of wealthy consolidated democracies, recent studies have found that when voters are more exposed to refugees, they punish incumbents and turn to far-right parties. Yet there is a dearth of studies on the electoral consequences of refugee-hosting in developing countries, where the majority of refugees reside and politics often do not fall on a left-right divide. We explore this question in Uganda, one of the largest refugee-hosting countries. Combining information on the populations and locations of refugee settlements with four waves of national elections data at the parish level, we find that greater exposure to refugees increases incumbent support. Unique longitudinal data on access to healthcare, schools, and roads coupled with national survey data suggest that this effect is due to positive externalities of refugee-hosting on local public goods provision.

Voluntary Cooperation in Local Public Goods Provision: An Experimental Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Angelovski ◽  
Daniela Di Cagno ◽  
Werner GGth ◽  
Francesca Marazzi ◽  
Luca Panaccione
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

I Don't Care to Belong to Any Club That Will Have Me as a Member: Empirical Analysis of Municipal Mergers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuukka Saarimaa ◽  
Janne Tukiainen
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Local Public Goods ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Fiscal Pressure

The efficiencyof local public goods provision and the functioning of local democracy crucially depend on the size and number of local jurisdictions. This article empirically analyzes voluntary municipal mergers in Finland. Our main focus is on aspects that have been somewhat neglected in prior empirical work: whether local democracy considerations, representation and voter preferences are involved in shaping the resulting municipal structure. The main results imply that some municipalities are forced to merge due to fiscal pressure and have to trade off political power to be accepted by their partners. The study also finds that the median voter's distance from services matters, while population size does not. The latter, somewhat surprising, observation is possibly explained by existing municipal co-operation, which already exhausts potential economies of scale.

scholarly journals Stakeholder-Driven Design Evolution of the Leveraged Freedom Chair Developing World Wheelchair

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos G. Winter ◽  
Mario A. Bollini ◽  
Benjamin M. Judge ◽  
Natasha K. Scolnik ◽  
Harrison F. O’Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Propulsion Force

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, variable mechanical advantage, lever-propelled wheelchair designed for use in developing countries. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque delivered to the drive-train, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases angular velocity in the drivetrain and makes the chair go faster. This paper chronicles the design evolution of the LFC through three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India. Feedback from test subjects was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute and able to produce 51 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs.

scholarly journals Chilean Public Policies and their Impact on Biotechnology Small and Medium Enterprises

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-237
Author(s):  
Isabel Edith Torres Zapata ◽  
Omar Vargas Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Biotechnology Sector

It is difficult to find cases of technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises in developing countries, however Chile has some within the biotechnology sector. How has this been possible? As a consequence of the different public policies and structural economic conditions that allowed their emergence, especially in the 1990s. This study describes the historical conditions and how they have been able to create a sector within the Chilean economy. From the analysis of secondary data the emergence of this type of company within the country is described. This analysis shows the link between structural conditions and appropriate public policies, meaning that these companies did not emerge by chance. Understanding their development process is crucial to promote the creation of more such technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises, as they have many positive externalities and are more globally competitive.

scholarly journals Does the inverse farm size productivity hypothesis hold for perennial monocrop systems in developing countries? Evidence from Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Josiah Ateka ◽  
◽  
Perez Ayieko Onono-Okelo ◽  
Martin Etyang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Robust Measures

The inverse farm size and productivity relationship (IR) is a recurring theme in the literature. However, most previous studies were undertaken within a setting of mixed cropping systems. In this article, we investigate the effect of farm size on productivity within the context of a perennial monocropping system, acute competition for farmland, frequent subdivision of farms and declining yields. We apply household survey data of smallholder tea farms in western Kenya and consider both technical efficiency (TE) and the yield per hectare as indicators of productivity. The findings show that the effect of farm size on productivity is nonlinear, with TE initially declining and then rising with farm size. The findings also demonstrate that the farm size and productivity relationship is important for perennial monocrops and that the use of robust measures of productivity is important for the IR. The findings have important implications for agricultural policy in developing countries.

De provincieraadsverkiezingen van 24 november 1991

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Marleen Brans
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Far Right ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

On the 24th of november 1991 the Belgian voters elected the 716 members of the nine provincial councils.The socialists are the biggest losers of this election, with the Volksunie as a close second. Also the Christian Democrats suffered a serious decline, mainly caused by the loss of the CVP in Flanders. The electoral gain of the Flemish Liberals is neutralized by the decline of the Liberal party in Wallonia. The Greens gain 32 seats, the Far Right 35. These national aggregates hide striking regional differences. The national success of the Green is mainly due to the spectacular growth of Ecolo in the Walloons. The success of the Far Right is the sole result of a multiplication of votes for Vlaams Blok in Flanders.  These results show that both the Flemish and the Walloon voters have sanctioned the traditional parties in a similar way. They opted, however, for totally different alternatives: the Flemish for the Far Right, the Walloons for the ecologists.The outcome of the provincial elections in the bilingual province of Brabant neatly mirrors these tendencies.In 1991 the outcome of the provincial elections showed a profile quite different from that of the national elections which were held on the same day. This is explained by the fact that the Flemish party Rossem, which won 3.2% of the votes, only ran for the national elections and not for the provincial elections. Hence, a considerable difference in voting behaviour on the national versus the local level. The comparison of the results of the national elections with those of the provincial confirms the claim that smaller parties generally score better at a lower level. In 1991 it can, however, not be said that the bigger parties did better on the national level.

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