A Simple Monopole Antenna with a Switchable Beam for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

A simple and compact antenna with a switchable beam for millimeter-wave communication is proposed in this paper. The antenna has a planar structure, and the design evolution is discussed. The beam switching functionality was achieved by incorporating two PIN diodes in the ground plane of the antenna. By switching ON either of the PIN diodes, the inverted L-shaped stub becomes connected to the ground plane and behaves as a cavity, which causes the dispersion of the radiation pattern. Therefore, a wide-angle (±18∘) beam-switching property can be achieved using a simple and low-cost technique, without the necessity to implement additional conventional circuits. The proposed antenna is characterized by a good performance in terms of return loss, bandwidth, measured gain up to 7.95 dB, and radiation efficiency up to 84%, making it a proper candidate for IoT technology and millimeter-wave 5G devices.

The Anaesthesia Machine: Questioning a Design Evolution

<p>An underlying fear for many in using new digital systems is not the 'digital' but the struggle to trust and see reality; this may represent the loss of an art or aesthetic judgement, over an empirical measurement.(1) Why do we have what we have - and what could we have? Since the acceptance of the "Boyle's" configuration as a design standard, the evolution of anaesthesia equipment has predominantly remained tethered to this design icon.(2) Increasingly governed by historical habits and industrial ideologies, significant gains in technology have denied anaesthetists ergonomic advantage, due in part, to a design stagnation of physical composition. In doing so, it has become a legend of origin and a convention of machine use, a situation that is traced back to the evolution of rag and bottle, portable inhaler, and the asymmetric layout of anaesthetic apparatus. One of the key difficulties or questions for design is how to implement new technologies to retain and strengthen the established product-person trust.(3) The past reveals two methods; first the traditional addition of technology to historical brands and established formats; and second, the innovative embodiment of task and technology in a search for better systems.(4) Within the evolution of the anaesthesia machine, design methodologies have colluded to satisfy safety, ignoring a profession's habits, resulting in a complex lamination of engineering (technology), interaction (ergonomics) and aesthetics (path dependence and manufactured style). The application of new digital technology demands a physical design response that can satisfy clinician needs, patient safety and the commercial goals of industry in balancing technology and safety to clinical outputs and user satisfaction.(5) The study presents an informative and investigative methodology to construct a proactive design base, cumulating in active involvement, an informed critical analysis and a prospective methodological vision. The concluding experiment focuses on information and ideals from anaesthetists, to firstly test the established composition; secondly to inform us of how anaesthetists envisage their equipment; and thirdly, how simulation and industrial design may partner in unlocking the transfer of creative knowledge. In applying this partnership as a strategic design confidant, a new understanding of design process and concomitant design within an elite profession is established. Altogether this thesis seeks to explore the anaesthesia machine, to investigate the past, create closer relationships with anaesthetists and act together prospectively towards questioning the established. It may be 'it is not a solution we are looking for but the right way (or process) to ask the questions’ to manifest a new answer. (1) B Guy, "The anaesthesia machine: questioning a design evolution" (Thesis., Victoria University of Wellington, 2010), vii (2) K Bryn Thomas, The development of anaesthetic apparatus ( London UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1975), viii (3) M B. Weinger, "Anesthesia equipment and human error," Journal Clinical Monitoring and Computing 15 (Jul 1999): 319-323. (4) O M. Watt, "The evolution of the Boyle apparatus, 1917-67," Anaesthesia 23 (1968): 103-118. ; G Boquet. J A. Bushman. H T. Davenport, "The anaesthesia machine: a study of function and design," British Journal of Anaesthesia 52 (1980): 61-67. ; Jeffrey B. Cooper. Ronald S. Newbower. Jeffrey W. Moore. Edwin D. Trautman, "A new anesthesia delivery system," Anesthesiology Vol 49 No 5 (1978): 310-318. (5) B Moggridge, Designing interactions (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007), 579.</p>

The Anaesthesia Machine: Questioning a Design Evolution

<p>An underlying fear for many in using new digital systems is not the 'digital' but the struggle to trust and see reality; this may represent the loss of an art or aesthetic judgement, over an empirical measurement.(1) Why do we have what we have - and what could we have? Since the acceptance of the "Boyle's" configuration as a design standard, the evolution of anaesthesia equipment has predominantly remained tethered to this design icon.(2) Increasingly governed by historical habits and industrial ideologies, significant gains in technology have denied anaesthetists ergonomic advantage, due in part, to a design stagnation of physical composition. In doing so, it has become a legend of origin and a convention of machine use, a situation that is traced back to the evolution of rag and bottle, portable inhaler, and the asymmetric layout of anaesthetic apparatus. One of the key difficulties or questions for design is how to implement new technologies to retain and strengthen the established product-person trust.(3) The past reveals two methods; first the traditional addition of technology to historical brands and established formats; and second, the innovative embodiment of task and technology in a search for better systems.(4) Within the evolution of the anaesthesia machine, design methodologies have colluded to satisfy safety, ignoring a profession's habits, resulting in a complex lamination of engineering (technology), interaction (ergonomics) and aesthetics (path dependence and manufactured style). The application of new digital technology demands a physical design response that can satisfy clinician needs, patient safety and the commercial goals of industry in balancing technology and safety to clinical outputs and user satisfaction.(5) The study presents an informative and investigative methodology to construct a proactive design base, cumulating in active involvement, an informed critical analysis and a prospective methodological vision. The concluding experiment focuses on information and ideals from anaesthetists, to firstly test the established composition; secondly to inform us of how anaesthetists envisage their equipment; and thirdly, how simulation and industrial design may partner in unlocking the transfer of creative knowledge. In applying this partnership as a strategic design confidant, a new understanding of design process and concomitant design within an elite profession is established. Altogether this thesis seeks to explore the anaesthesia machine, to investigate the past, create closer relationships with anaesthetists and act together prospectively towards questioning the established. It may be 'it is not a solution we are looking for but the right way (or process) to ask the questions’ to manifest a new answer. (1) B Guy, "The anaesthesia machine: questioning a design evolution" (Thesis., Victoria University of Wellington, 2010), vii (2) K Bryn Thomas, The development of anaesthetic apparatus ( London UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1975), viii (3) M B. Weinger, "Anesthesia equipment and human error," Journal Clinical Monitoring and Computing 15 (Jul 1999): 319-323. (4) O M. Watt, "The evolution of the Boyle apparatus, 1917-67," Anaesthesia 23 (1968): 103-118. ; G Boquet. J A. Bushman. H T. Davenport, "The anaesthesia machine: a study of function and design," British Journal of Anaesthesia 52 (1980): 61-67. ; Jeffrey B. Cooper. Ronald S. Newbower. Jeffrey W. Moore. Edwin D. Trautman, "A new anesthesia delivery system," Anesthesiology Vol 49 No 5 (1978): 310-318. (5) B Moggridge, Designing interactions (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007), 579.</p>

A Micro-Scaled Graphene Based Tree-Shaped Wideband Printed MIMO Antenna For Terahertz Applications

A tree-shaped graphene based microstrip MIMO antenna for terahertz applications is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed on a 600×300 µm2 polyimide substrate. The designed MIMO antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 88.14% (0.276–0.711 THz) due to the suggested modifications in the antenna configuration. The MIMO design parameters like total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), Channel capacity loss (CCL) are evaluated and their values are found within acceptable limits. The proposed MIMO structure offers MEG ≤ -3.0 dB, TARC≤ -10.0 dB, DG≈ 10 dB, CCL < 0.5 bps/Hz/sec and ECC < 0.01 at the resonant frequency. At the resonant frequency, the isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed MIMO is recorded as -52 dB. The variations in operating frequency and S-parameters are also analyzed as a function of the chemical potential (µc) of the graphene material. The parametric analysis, structural design evolution steps, surface current distribution, antenna characteristics parameters and diversity parameters are discussed in detail in this paper. The designed MIMO antenna is suitable for high speed short distance communication, video rate imaging, biomedical imaging, sensing, and security scanning in the THz frequency band.

HASH FUNCTIONS SUPPORTING MECHATRONIC DESIGN EVOLUTION

Both industry and science point out the need to integrate PLM and ALM since products evolve from mechatronic to smart products. This paper investigates data management tasks fulfilled when creating or improving design. Particularly, the differences and commonalities in design evolution management of the software and hardware disciplines are considered.This paper introduces a beta version of a hash function based tool, applying the software management mechanism on mechanical revision management.

Hotel and Restaurant Design Evolution: from Functional to Systemic Approach

The purpose of the article is to study the preconditions of origin and features of further development of the design of hotel and restaurant business. The research methodology is based on the methods of complex analysis with the use of historical-survey and practical-analytical methods. The essence of scientific novelty is to identify the main approaches in the design of hotel and restaurant business. The essence of scientific novelty is substantiation of transformations in understanding the essence and significance of design in the formation of the development concept of hotel and restaurant complexes as well. Conclusions. The study shows that during the long period of formation and development of hotel and restaurant business there have been significant changes in their design. Each of the stages of development of hotel and restaurant objects is characterized by the understanding transformation of the concept of “design” and the degree of application of its tools both in the decoration of premises and in its use in the formation of the concept and corporate style of the company. The systematic approach in the design of hotel and restaurant business does provide the formation of competitive advantages and is one of the main components of effective organization and conduct of hotel and restaurant activities.