Negative Emotional Response Inhibition: Support for a cognitive mechanism underlying negative urgency in nonsuicidal self-injury

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31219/osf.io/dtxrb ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth Javad Dale Allen ◽

D.Phil. Jill Miranda Hooley

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Control Group ◽

Late Response ◽

Negative Urgency ◽

Self Injury ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Negative urgency, the self-reported tendency to act impulsively when distressed, increases risk for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Prior research also suggests that NSSI is associated with impaired negative emotional response inhibition (NERI), a cognitive process theoretically related to negative urgency. Specifically, individuals with a history of NSSI had difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses to negative affective images in an Emotional Stop-Signal Task, but not to those depicting positive or neutral content. The present study sought to replicate this finding, determine whether this deficit extends to an earlier stage of NERI, and explore whether impairment in these two stages of emotional inhibitory control helps explain the relationship between negative urgency and NSSI. To address these aims, 88 adults with NSSI histories (n = 45) and healthy control participants (n = 43) without NSSI history or psychopathology completed a clinical interview, symptom inventories, an impulsivity questionnaire, and behavioral impulsivity tasks measuring early and late emotional response inhibition. The NSSI group had worse late NERI than the control group on the Emotional Stop-Signal Task, but no group differences were observed in early NERI on an Emotional Go/no-go task. However, both early and late stages of NERI accounted for independent variance in negative urgency. We additionally found that late NERI explained variance in the association between negative urgency and NSSI. These results suggest that impulsive behavior in NSSI may involve specifically impaired inhibitory control over negative emotional impulses during late response inhibition, and that this cognitive deficit might reflect one mechanism or pathway to elevated negative urgency among people who self-injure.

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Emotional Response Inhibition: A Shared Neurocognitive Deficit in Eating Disorder Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

10.20944/preprints201912.0193.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth J.D. Allen ◽

M. McLean Sammon ◽

Kathryn R. Fox ◽

Jeremy G. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Negative Urgency ◽

Restrictive Eating ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Self Injury ◽

Demographic Covariates ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Eating disorder (ED) symptoms often co-occur with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comorbidity is consistent with evidence that trait negative urgency increases risk for both of these phenomena. We previously found that impaired late-stage negative emotional response inhibition (i.e., negative emotional action termination or NEAT) might represent a neurocognitive mechanism for heightened negative urgency among people with NSSI history. The current study evaluated whether relations between negative urgency and ED symptoms similarly reflect deficits in this neurocognitive process. One hundred and five community adults completed an assessment of ED symptoms, negative urgency, and an emotional response inhibition task. Results indicated that, contrary to predictions, negative urgency and NEAT contributed independent variance to the prediction of ED symptoms, while controlling for demographic covariates and NSSI history. Worse NEAT was also uniquely associated with restrictive eating, after accounting for negative urgency. Our findings suggest that difficulty inhibiting ongoing motor responses triggered by negative emotional reactions (i.e., NEAT) may be a shared neurocognitive characteristic of ED symptoms and NSSI. However, negative urgency and NEAT dysfunction capture separate variance in the prediction of ED-related cognitions and behaviors, distinct from the pattern of results we previously observed in NSSI.

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Validation of an emotional stop-signal task to probe individual differences in emotional response inhibition: Relationships with positive and negative urgency

Brain and Neuroscience Advances ◽

10.1177/23982128211058269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 239821282110582

Author(s):

Kenneth J. D. Allen ◽

Sheri L. Johnson ◽

Taylor A. Burke ◽

M. McLean Sammon ◽

Christina Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Inhibition ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Self Report ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Negative Urgency ◽

Commission Errors

Performance on an emotional stop-signal task designed to assess emotional response inhibition has been associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology, particularly self-injurious behaviors. Indeed, difficulty inhibiting prepotent negative responses to aversive stimuli on the emotional stop-signal task (i.e. poor negative emotional response inhibition) partially explains the association between Negative Urgency and non-suicidal self-injury. Here, we combine existing data sets from clinical (hospitalised psychiatric inpatients) and non-clinical (community/student participants) samples aged 18–65 years ( N = 450) to examine the psychometric properties of this behavioural task and evaluate hypotheses that emotional stop-signal task metrics relate to distinct impulsive traits among participants who also completed the UPPS-P ( n = 223). We specifically predicted associations between worse negative emotional response inhibition (i.e. commission errors during stop-signal trials representing negative reactions to unpleasant images) and Negative Urgency, whereas commission errors to positive stimuli – reflecting worse positive emotional response inhibition – would relate to Positive Urgency. Results support the emotional stop-signal task’s convergent and discriminant validity: as hypothesised, poor negative emotional response inhibition was specifically associated with Negative Urgency and no other impulsive traits on the UPPS-P. However, we did not find the hypothesised association between positive emotional response inhibition and Positive Urgency. Correlations between emotional stop-signal task performance and self-report measures were the modest, similar to other behavioural tasks. Participants who completed the emotional stop-signal task twice ( n = 61) additionally provide preliminary evidence for test–retest reliability. Together, findings suggest adequate reliability and validity of the emotional stop-signal task to derive candidate behavioural markers of neurocognitive functioning associated with Negative Urgency and psychopathology.

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Emotional Response Inhibition: A Shared Neurocognitive Deficit in Eating Disorder Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10020104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Kenneth J. D. Allen ◽

M. McLean Sammon ◽

Kathryn R. Fox ◽

Jeremy G. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Negative Urgency ◽

Restrictive Eating ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Neurocognitive Deficit ◽

Self Injury ◽

Demographic Covariates

Eating disorder (ED) symptoms often co-occur with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This comorbidity is consistent with evidence that trait negative urgency increases risk for both of these phenomena. We previously found that impaired late-stage negative emotional response inhibition (i.e., negative emotional action termination or NEAT) might represent a neurocognitive mechanism for heightened negative urgency among people with NSSI history. The current study evaluated whether relations between negative urgency and ED symptoms similarly reflect deficits in this neurocognitive process. A total of 105 community adults completed an assessment of ED symptoms, negative urgency, and an emotional response inhibition task. Results indicated that, contrary to predictions, negative urgency and NEAT contributed independent variance to the prediction of ED symptoms, while controlling for demographic covariates and NSSI history. Worse NEAT was also uniquely associated with restrictive eating, after accounting for negative urgency. Our findings suggest that difficulty inhibiting ongoing motor responses triggered by negative emotional reactions (i.e., NEAT) may be a shared neurocognitive characteristic of ED symptoms and NSSI. However, negative urgency and NEAT dysfunction capture separate variance in the prediction of ED-related cognitions and behaviors, distinct from the pattern of results we previously observed in NSSI.

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Emotional response inhibition to self-harm stimuli interacts with momentary negative affect to predict nonsuicidal self-injury urges

Behaviour Research and Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.brat.2021.103865 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103865

Author(s):

Taylor A. Burke ◽

Kenneth J.D. Allen ◽

Ryan W. Carpenter ◽

David M. Siegel ◽

Marin M. Kautz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Self Injury ◽

Self Harm ◽

Nonsuicidal Self Injury

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Inhibitory Control Contributes to “Motor”- but not “Cognitive”- Impulsivity

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000202 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 324-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Amy Jane Caswell ◽

Michael John Morgan ◽

Theodora Duka

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Delay Of Gratification ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Control Group ◽

Impulsive Behavior ◽

Generation Task ◽

Motor Impulsivity

Literature on impulsivity regularly claims inhibitory control deficits underlie impulsive behavior. The current study investigated whether taxing inhibitory control will increase reflection (decision making under conditions of uncertainty), temporal (delay of gratification), and motor impulsivity (behavioral disinhibition). Inhibitory control was challenged, via a random letter generation task presented during responding to three impulsivity measures: the Information Sampling Task (IST), Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm, and the Stop Signal Task (SST). Participants (n = 33) were assigned to the inhibitory control challenging (experimental) condition, or to a control condition in which inhibitory control was not challenged. The SST was affected by the inhibitory control challenge: participants in the experimental condition displayed increased motor impulsivity, evidenced in longer stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) compared to the control group. The manipulation did not affect reflection- or temporal- impulsivity measures. These data support the suggestion that the mechanisms underlying the motor subtype of impulsivity are dissociable from the temporal and reflection subtypes, and that engagement of inhibitory control is not necessary to prevent impulsive decision making.

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Response inhibition alterations in migraine: evidence from event-related potentials and evoked oscillations

The Journal of Headache and Pain ◽

10.1186/s10194-020-01187-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guoliang Chen ◽

Yansong Li ◽

Zhao Dong ◽

Rongfei Wang ◽

Dengfa Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Conflict Monitoring ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Prepotent Responses

Abstract Background Migraine is characterized by a hypersensitivity to environmental stimulation which climaxes during headache attacks but persists during attack-free period. Despite ongoing debates about the nature of the mechanisms giving rise to this abnormality, the presence of deficient inhibitory cortical processes has been proposed to be one possible mechanism underlying its pathogenesis. Empirical evidence supporting this claim is mainly based on previous accounts showing functional cortical disexcitability in the sensory domain. Considering that a general inhibitory control process can play an important role across early to later stage of information processing, this may indicate the important role other dimensions of inhibitory control can play in migraine disability. The present study examined the pathophysiological features of inhibitory control that takes place during suppression of prepotent responses in migraineurs. Methods Twenty-two patients with migraine without aura (mean age = 30.86 ± 5.69 years; 19 females) during the interictal period and 25 healthy controls (mean age = 30.24 ± 3.52 years; 18 females) were recruited. We used a stop signal task in combination with event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine participants’ neural activity supporting response inhibition. Results Behaviorally, migraineurs exhibited prolonged stop signal reaction times relative to healthy controls. At the neural level, the amplitude of the stop-N2 over fronto-central, central and centro-parietal scalp regions, a component of the ERPs related to conflict monitoring during early, non-motoric stages of inhibition, was significantly increased in migraineurs. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the stop-P3 over central and centro-parietal scalp regions, a component of the ERPs reflecting late-stage inhibition of the motor system and cognitive evaluation of motor inhibition, was also significantly increased in migraineurs. Ultimately, our time-frequency analysis further revealed increased delta activity in migraineurs. Conclusions Consistent with the theory that alterations in cognitive cortical processes are a key signature of migraine, our findings revealed an abnormal state of suppressing prepotent responses in migraineurs, which can be attributed to cortical disexcitability of the pre-frontal executive network and centro-parietal sensorimotor network. These novel findings extend to show the existence of dysfunctional inhibition control that occurs during suppression of prepotent responses in migraneurs.

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Inhibitory Control in Sexually Coercive Men: Behavioral Insights Using a Stop-Signal Task With Neutral, Emotional, and Erotic Stimuli

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/1079063219825866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 301-319

Author(s):

Fannie Carrier Emond ◽

Kevin Nolet ◽

Lucien Rochat ◽

Joanne-Lucine Rouleau ◽

Jean Gagnon

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Self Control ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Sexual Stimuli ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Erotic Stimuli ◽

The Impact

Response inhibition is defined as one’s ability to voluntarily override an automatic or already initiated action when that action is inappropriate. Although a core mechanism of self-control, its association with sexual coercion perpetration and the impact of erotic cues on its exertion remain unknown. According to a domain-specific perspective on impulsivity, response inhibition performances should be disproportionately hindered by sexual cues in sexual coercion perpetrators. In total, 94 male college students completed a stop-signal task that included neutral, emotional, and erotic distracters. Results showed that men who reported past use of sexual coercion obtained overall poorer stop-signal task (SST) performances. Highly arousing sexual stimuli equally hindered the performances of perpetrators and non-perpetrators, whereas moderately arousing sexual and nonsexual positive stimuli did not significantly affect performances. Results do not support a domain-specific perspective on the link between response inhibition and sexual coercion, but rather suggest generally poorer inhibitory control among sexual coercion perpetrators.

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The orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 reduces motivation, but not inhibitory control, in a rat stop signal task

10.1101/467308 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joost Wiskerke ◽

Morgan H. James ◽

Gary Aston-Jones

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Drug Addiction ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Great Promise ◽

List Type ◽

Drug Seeking

AbstractThere is considerable clinical interest in the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin for its ability to regulate motivation and reward as well as arousal and wakefulness. For instance, antagonists for the orexin-1 receptor (OxR1) are thought to hold great promise for treating drug addiction and disorders associated with overeating, as these compounds repeatedly have been found to suppress seeking of various drugs of abuse as well as highly palatable foods in preclinical models. Given the hypothesized role of OxR1 signaling in cue-driven motivation, an outstanding question is whether pharmacologically blocking this receptor affects cognitive functioning. Response inhibition – the ability to cancel ongoing behavior – is one aspect of cognitive control that may be particularly relevant. Response inhibition deficits are commonly associated with a range of psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases, including substance use disorders and obesity. Moreover, OxR1 signaling recently has been implicated in waiting impulsivity, another aspect of inhibitory control. Here, we investigated the effects of the OxR1 antagonist SB-334867 on response inhibition in a rat version of the stop signal reaction time task. Results show that acutely blocking OxR1 had minimal effects on response inhibition or attentional functioning. In contrast, this manipulation reduced motivation to perform the task and earn food rewards. These results add to the growing body of literature implicating OxR1 in the regulation of motivation and suggest that effects of pharmacological compounds such as SB-334867 on drug seeking behavior are not related to effects on response inhibition.HighlightsOrexin-1 receptor antagonists hold great promise for treatment of drug addictionThese compounds are thought to reduce motivation for drug seekingLess is known about effects of orexin-1 receptor blockade on cognitive functioningWe tested the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 in a rat stop signal taskSB-334867 reduced task motivation but had little effect on executive control as measured with response inhibition

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OSARI, an Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition Task

Behavior Research Methods ◽

10.3758/s13428-021-01680-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jason L. He ◽

Rebecca J. Hirst ◽

Rohan Puri ◽

James Coxon ◽

Winston Byblow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task

AbstractThe stop-signal paradigm has become ubiquitous in investigations of inhibitory control. Tasks inspired by the paradigm, referred to as stop-signal tasks, require participants to make responses on go trials and to inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal on stop trials. Currently, the most popular version of the stop-signal task is the ‘choice-reaction’ variant, where participants make choice responses, but must inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal. An alternative to the choice-reaction variant of the stop-signal task is the ‘anticipated response inhibition’ task. In anticipated response inhibition tasks, participants are required to make a planned response that coincides with a predictably timed event (such as lifting a finger from a computer key to stop a filling bar at a predefined target). Anticipated response inhibition tasks have some advantages over the more traditional choice-reaction stop-signal tasks and are becoming increasingly popular. However, currently, there are no openly available versions of the anticipated response inhibition task, limiting potential uptake. Here, we present an open-source, free, and ready-to-use version of the anticipated response inhibition task, which we refer to as the OSARI (the Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition) task.

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