scholarly journals Regional Disparities in Brazilian Adult Mortality: an analysis using Modal Age at Death (M) and Compression of Mortality (IQR)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cisalpino Pinheiro ◽  
Bernardo L Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Health Database ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mortality Compression

This paper examines mortality differentials in Brazil and states between 1980 and 2010, using the Brazilian Ministry of Health Database. We use Modal age at death and measures of mortality compression to analyze regional and gender differences overtime and across regions. We estimate age-specific mortality rates by single ages using two approaches: Wilmoth and colleagues Log-Quad approaches and Topal´s method proposed by Schmertmann and Gonzaga and Schmertmann. Our results show that provincial disparities in mortality in general across regions of the country. Moreover, based on the modal age at death and the interquartile range (IQR) of ages at death. We find that there is a process of compression of mortality with increasing modal age at death.

scholarly journals Regional disparities in Canadian adult and old-age mortality: A comparative study based on smoothed mortality ratio surfaces and age at death distributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Ouellette ◽  
Robert Bourbeau ◽  
Carlo G. Camarda
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Compression ◽  
Mortality Improvements ◽  
Great Mortality

This paper examines adult and old-age mortality differentials in Canada between 1930 and 2007 at the provincial level, using theCanadian Human Mortality Database and the flexible smoothing P-spline method in two-dimensions well-suited to the study of smallpopulations. Our analysis reveals that provincial disparities in adult mortality in general, and among the elderly population in particular,are substantial in Canada. Moreover, based on the modal age at death and the standard deviation of ages at death above the mode,provincial disparities at older ages have barely reduced over time, despite the great mortality improvements in all provinces since the early 20th century. In the last few years studied, evidence of the shifting mortality regime was found among females in most Western and Central provinces, while all males were still undergoing an old-age mortality compression regime.

scholarly journals A neoclassical growth model with endogenous birth and mortality rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (231) ◽  
pp. 99-125
Author(s):  
Wei-Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
General Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
And Gender

This study examines dynamic interdependence between different socio-cultural groups? birth rates, mortality rates, populations, wealth accumulation, and the allocation of time between work, leisure, and childcare. It emphasises the role of changes in human capital, technology, and preferences on birth and mortality rates and time allocations. The economic mechanism of wealth and income distribution is based on the Walrasian general equilibrium theory, and wealth accumulation is based on the Solow growth model. The paper uses a utility function proposed by Zhang (2015) to describe the behaviour of households. It also models group and gender differences in human capital, the propensity to have children, the propensity to use leisure time, and the efficiency of childcare. The paper uses differential equations to describe the dynamics of group differences in wealth, income, birth rates, mortality rates, and populations. I simulate a model to show the motion of the system and identify the existence of an equilibrium point. I also examine the effects on the dynamics of the economic system of changes in the propensity to have children and the propensity to save, and in gender differences in the propensity to use leisure, in human capital, and in emotional involvement in childcare.

scholarly journals Mortality Compression and Variability in Age at Death in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryakant Yadav ◽  
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Mortality Decline ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Mortality Compression

The global rise of life expectancy at birth has attracted worldwide interest, especially in understanding the pace of mortality transition in developing countries. In this study, we assess the progress of mortality transition in India during four decades between 1970 and 2013. We estimate measures of mortality compression and variability in age at death to assess the trends and patterns in mortality compression for India as a whole and its twelve biggest states. The results reveal an unequivocal convergence pattern in mortality compression across the states underpinned by the reduction in premature mortality and emerging homogeneity in mortality. Results by gender show that women are more homogenous in their mortality across the country because of an explicit reduction in the Gini coefficients at age 10 by the age group of 15-29 years. Mortality compression has changed in recent decades because of the increased survival of women in their reproductive ages, which marked a distinct phase of mortality transition in India. The pace of mortality transition, however, varies; adult mortality decline was greater than senescent mortality decline. These results show that India has passed the middle stage of mortality transition and has entered an early phase of low mortality.

scholarly journals Educational attainment and adult mortality differentials in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 129-163
Author(s):  
Hernán Manzelli
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In Latin America, there is an important set of studies that show a significant inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and mortality rates, but we know very little about the specific relation between educational attainment and adult mortality. The objective of this paper is to describe the relationship of adult mortality to educational attainment in Argentina for 2010. The data used in this study come from the Argentinean Mortality File of 2010 and from the last Argentinean Census. Results show a clear gradient in the specific mortality rates according to educational groups, for both sexes and for all age groups. The existence and direction of this relationship were as expected; however, the magnitude of educational differences was much higher than what has been found in other countries. The data also exhibited a clear declining trend in mortality inequalities by education as age increased

scholarly journals Estimates of age specific death rates in people with diabetes and associated multimorbidity using Australian administrative pharmaceutical data

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Francis Purkiss ◽  
Tessa Keegel ◽  
Hassan Vally ◽  
Dennis Wollersheim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

IntroductionEstimating the mortality risk of persons with diabetes can be challenging. Associated conditions such as cardiovascular disease can become the primary cause of mortality and the underlying contribution of diabetes not recorded. Alternative methods to assess mortality risk in people with diabetes would be useful. ObjectiveTo evaluate an Australian pharmaceutical database to identify multi-morbidity cohorts associated with diabetes and determine mortality rates in these groups using prescription exchange cessation as a proxy event for death. MethodsAustralian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data covering the period 2003–14 were used. Persons with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia were identified using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical codes allocated to their recorded dispensed treatments. People with combinations of these conditions were followed and the last recorded prescription exchange used as a proxy event for mortality. Age and gender specific mortality rates and mortality rate ratios for the multi-morbidity cohorts were then calculated from the number of deaths occurring within 10 years. Results346,201 individuals were identified as taking treatments for diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular conditions in 2004, 86,165 deaths occurred within 10 years of follow up. Overall crude mortality was 26.2/1,000 person years. Age specific mortality rates and rate ratios were calculated for various multi-morbidity groupings. Statin treatments improved the mortality rates associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease in persons age >54 (Log–Rank <.001). ConclusionsAdministrative pharmaceutical data can be used to identify persons with diabetes and associated multi-morbidities. Proxy mortality events defined by the cessation of treatment can generate mortality rates, providing an alternative perspective for the assessment of mortality risk.

scholarly journals Gender differences in longevity in early and late reproduced lines of the seed beetle

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Stojkovic ◽  
U. Savkovic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Average Longevity ◽  
The Many

In most animals the average longevity of females is greater than that of males. Among the many explanations of the evolution of sex-specific mortality rates, we tested the hypothesis that sexual selection plays an important role in shaping the longevity and ageing of both sexes. The present study was performed using laboratory populations of Acanthoscelides obtectus, which were obtained either at an early (E) or late (L) age, where the inadvertently created conditions provided opportunities for the evolution of a monogamous and polygamous mating system, respectively. As predicted, under intense sexual selection (L populations) substantial sex differences in longevity were detected both in mated and virgin experimental beetles. On the other hand, monogamy, i.e. relaxation of sexual selection, in E populations resulted in elimination of the differences in longevity between mated females and males, and even led to postponed senescence of virgin males beyond the level exhibited by virgin females.

scholarly journals Age- and gender-specific mortality rates in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ostman-Smith ◽  
G. Wettrell ◽  
B. Keeton ◽  
D. Holmgren ◽  
U. Ergander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

The Trends of Age and Gender Specific Mortality Rates by Ethnic Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Saiful Azril Ishak ◽  
Syazreen Niza Shair ◽  
Wan Nor Ayunni Wan Ahmad Shukiman ◽  
Nurazliyana Mat Radzi ◽  
Nur Salbiah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

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