Accuracy of Heart Auscultation Examination by General Practitioners From Various Levels of Competency in Detection of Heart Abnormality in Basic School Children

Background. Most of heart defects in children do not show typical clinical symptoms. Ten percent of the cases are late detected. Echocardiography is an examination with high sensitivity and specificity in detecting heart defects in children, but it cannot be performed by all health workers, expensive and not always available in hospitals. Auscultation is an important part of a physical examination that inexpensive, easy examination, and becomes a competency of all doctors. The aim of this study to determine the accuracy of the screening method by listening to murmurs on heart auscultation by various levels of physician competence. Methods. This is a diagnostic test of 250 elementary school children held in the pediatric ward of dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from September to November 2019. The auscultation examination was performed by three pediatrics resident from three stages (i.e. junior, middle and senior), followed by echocardiography examinations by a pediatric cardiologist. Results. The highest sensitivity of auscultation was found in senior resident, 42.4%, while the lowest was found in junior resident, 12.1%. The results of the kappa analysis of the cardiac auscultation examination on the three examiners showed a poor level of agreement on junior stage compared to senior resident (k = 0.189; CI = 0.033-0.346) and the level of agreement was sufficient in junior stage compared to middle stage resident (k = 0.297; CI = 0.134 -0.461) and middle stage compared to senior resident (k = 0.301; CI = 0.147-0.456). Conclusion. Experience and length of learning will affect the accuracy of the auscultation examination in detecting heart defects in children.

Starch synthesis and gelatinization properties of potato tubers

ABSTRACT: Biosynthesis is the only source of potato starch which is an important raw material for food processing, modified starch and biomass energy. However, it is not clear about the evolution of starch synthesis with tuber development in potato. The present study evaluated the differences of starch synthesis and gelatinization properties of potato tubers with different starch content. Relative to cultivars of medium and low starch content, cultivars of high starch content showed significantly higher SBEII gene expression, AGPase and SSS enzyme activity, and total starch content after middle stage of starch accumulation, and had smaller average starch granule size during whole process of tuber development, and had higher pasting temperature before late stages of tuber growth, and had lower pasting temperature after middle stage of starch accumulation. Path analysis showed that, after middle stage of starch accumulation, effects on starch gelatinization of cultivars with high, medium and low starch content represented starch synthesis enzyme activity > starch accumulation > starch granule distribution > starch synthesis enzyme gene expression, starch synthesis enzyme gene expression > starch synthesis enzyme activity > starch accumulation > starch granule distribution, starch synthesis enzyme gene expression > starch granule distribution > starch synthesis enzyme activity > starch accumulation, respectively. In the study, phases existed in the starch biosynthesis of potato tuber, and the starch quality and its formation process were different among varieties with different starch content. The findings might contribute to starch application and potato industries.

The extent to which Islamic science teachers use the strategy of individualization of education, its methods, and the obstacles that limit its application: مدى استخدام معلمات العلوم الشرعية لاستراتيجية تفريد التعليم وأساليبها والمعوقات التي تحد من تطبيقها

The study aimed to know the extent of the use of forensic science teachers to methods of individualizing education, The extent of their knowledge of this strategy, and the obstacles to its use, this study was applied to the forensic science teachers in the middle stage, In the general education schools in Layla affiliated to Al- Aflaj Governorate, during the first semester of the year 1441- 1442 AH, whose number is (18) female teachers, The researcher used the descriptive method, The questionnaire was used to collect data, The data was analyzed using SPSS, and the results indicated that there is a dearth of training courses in this strategy, It also indicated that 94.4% of the teachers do some unique methods, such as choosing the most appropriate means of reinforcement for the desired behavior, And pause a little to make sure the student understands the skill, and develop a treatment plan for the underachieved students and arouse the enthusiasm of the students for active participation, Also, the increase in the teaching quorum is the most important obstacle that affects the application of methods.

An Aesthetic Visualization of Ritual Ordering among the Yoruba Drummer: A Medium of Life Celebration

The gatherings among Yoruba people depicting religion, social or political values are usually staged with drumming. At the center of this art are the professional drummers with the cult identity of àyàn. The display, ordering and aesthetic of drumming are usually often come with some rituals during passages of life which are frequently unknown to the non-initiates. The study underscores the significant of ritual that are connected to birth, puberty, middle stage and death which are very important to life stages among the Yoruba people. It highlights the role of ritual rites in the profession of drumming in a selected town in Yoruba land. The paper use in-depth interview, participant observation, archival materials and ethnographic methods to generate data needed for its analysis. Tis paper through phenomenological analysis will process the data collected.

Brevinin-2GHk, a Peptide Derived from the Skin of Fejervarya limnocharis, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection by Disrupting Viral Integrity

Several years have passed since the Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic reoccurred in 2015–2016. However, there is still a lack of proved protective vaccines or effective drugs against ZIKV. The peptide brevinin-2GHk (BR2GK), pertaining to the brevinin-2 family of antimicrobial peptides, has been reported to exhibit only weak antibacterial activity, and its antiviral effects have not been investigated. Thus, we analyzed the effect of BR2GK on ZIKV infection. BR2GK showed significant inhibitory activity in the early and middle stages of ZIKV infection, with negligible cytotoxicity. Furthermore, BR2GK was suggested to bind with ZIKV E protein and disrupt the integrity of the envelope, thus directly inactivating ZIKV. In addition, BR2GK can also penetrate the cell membrane, which may contribute to inhibition of the middle stage of ZIKV infection. BR2GK blocked ZIKV E protein expression with an IC50 of 3.408 ± 0.738 μΜ. In summary, BR2GK was found to be a multi-functional candidate and a potential lead compound for further development of anti-ZIKV drugs.

Is Acquired Disgust More Difficult to Extinguish Than Acquired Fear? an Event-Related Potential Study

This study used the classical conditioned acquisition and extinction paradigm to compare which of the two emotions, acquired disgust and acquired fear, was more difficult to extinguish, based on behavioral assessments and the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Behavioral assessments revealed that, following successful conditioned extinction, acquired disgust was more difficult to extinguish. The ERP results showed that, at the early stage of P1, the amplitude of conditioned fear was significantly smaller than that of conditioned disgust, and both were significantly different from the amplitude under neutral conditions; at the middle stage of N2, the difference between the amplitudes of conditioned disgust and conditioned fear disappeared, but they were still significantly different from the amplitudes of conditioned neutral stimuli; at the late stage of P3, the difference between conditioned disgust and conditioned neutral stimuli disappeared, but the difference between conditioned fear and neutral stimuli remained, suggesting that acquired fear was more difficult to extinguish than acquired disgust in terms of how the brain works.

The Implementation of Trauma Healing to The Bullying at Rumah Duta Revolusi Mental Semarang

This research describes the implementation of trauma healing to victims of bullying at the Rumah Duta Revolusi Mental in Semarang City using Islamic Counseling Guidance. The collecting data technique were interviews, observation, and documentation. Furthermore, the data analysis technique used the Milles and Huberman model, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results showed that the implementation of trauma healing to victims of bullying at the Rumah Duta Revolusi Mental in Semarang City had two forms of programs, namely counseling and psychotherapy including several therapies, namely play therapy, emotional catharsis, fairy tale therapy, and, writing therapy. Meanwhile, trauma healing is carried out through three stages, namely the initial stage, the middle stage or the work stage, and the final stage or the termination stage. Judging the Islamic Counseling Guidance, both in terms of the objectives, functions, and methods of trauma healing to the victims was an implementation of the techniques, stages, methods of trauma healing.

Issi saaneq gen. et sp. nov.—A New Sauropodomorph Dinosaur from the Late Triassic (Norian) of Jameson Land, Central East Greenland

The Late Triassic (Norian) outcrops of the Malmros Klint Formation, Jameson Land (Greenland) have yielded numerous specimens of non-sauropod sauropodomorphs. Relevant fossils were briefly reported in 1994 and were assigned to Plateosaurus trossingensis. However, continuous new findings of early non-sauropod sauropodomorphs around the globe facilitate comparisons and allow us to now revise this material. Here, the non-sauropod sauropodomorph Issi saaneq gen. et sp. nov. is described based on two almost complete and articulated skulls. The two skulls represent a middle-stage juvenile and a late-stage juvenile or subadult. Issi saaneq differs from all other sauropodomorphs by several unique traits: (1) a small foramen at the medial surface of the premaxilla; (2) an anteroposteriorly elongated dorsoposterior process of the squamosal; (3) a relatively high quadrate relative to rostrum height; (4) a well-developed posterodorsal process of the articular. These features cannot be explained by taphonomy, ontogeny, or intraspecific variation. Issi saaneq shows affinities to Brazilian plateosaurids and the European Plateosaurus, being recovered as the sister clade of the latter in our phylogenetic analysis. It is the northernmost record of a Late Triassic sauropodomorph, and a new dinosaur species erected for Greenland. Issi saaneq broadens our knowledge about the evolution of plateosaurid sauropodomorphs.