scholarly journals Deviations of the “Hubble Constant” Value within a “Spherical Gravitational Indentation of approximately 10-10 [m/s2 ]” surrounding our Milky Way Galaxy” in a 4-dimensional Space-Time Continuum.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
Made In

The “Hubble Constant” Value and specially the deviations in the “Hubble Constant” Value are one of the most fundamental parameters in our universe to understand the fine-structure of our 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum. Recent measurements with the “HST” of the “Hubble Constant” and the measured deviations[Ref. 17] reveal fundamental information of the fine-structure of our 4-dimensional Space-Time continuum. The recent measurements reveal a “Spherical Gravitational Indentation of approximately 10-10 [m/s2 ] with a diameter of approximately 2000 Mpc” surrounding our solar Milky Way Galaxy”. With increasing accuracies the need increases of a “New Theory in Physics” to explain the measured anomalies in the “Hubble Constant” value. Because “General Relativity” is not enough anymore to solve the nowadays problems in physics and specially in astronomy. With increasing accuracies the anomalies in the “Hubble Constant” value only become clearer. To develop a “New Theory in Physics” fundamental corrections have to be made in 2 of the 4 foundations in Physics. Corrections have to be made in Maxwell’s Electrodynamics and Bohr’s Quantum Mechanics. General Relativity will developed further to built the new theory in physics. Newton’s Classical dynamics will remain like it has always been. A solid ground to built on. Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein lived in fundamentally different time frames. Newton in the 16th century, Maxwell in the 18th century, Bohr in the 20th century and Einstein was physically living in the 20th century but he was his time far ahead and with his concept of a “curved space-time continuum” more connected to the 21st century.

scholarly journals Higher Dimensional Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Models With Massive String in General Relativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangujam Priyokumar Singh ◽  
Jiten Baro ◽  
Asem Jotin Meitei
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Bianchi Type ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bianchi Type I ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Space Time

Here we studied Bianchi type-I cosmological models with massive strings in general relativity in five dimensional space time. Out of the two different cases obtained here, one case leads to a five dimensional Bianchi type-I string cosmological model in general relativity while the other yields the vacuum Universe in general relativity in five dimensional space time. The physical and geometrical properties of the model Universe are studied and compared with the present day’s observational findings. It is observed that our model is anisotropic, expanding, shearing, and decelerates at an early stage and then accelerates at a later time. The model expands along x, y, and z axes and the extra dimension contracts and becomes unobservable at t → ∞. We also observed that the sum of the energy density (ρ) and the string tension density (λ) vanishes (ρ + λ = 0).

scholarly journals Possible Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Theory Based on the Three-Dimensional Quantized Spaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time

Three-dimensional quantized space model is newly introduced. Quantum mechanics and relativity theory are explained in terms of the warped three-dimensional quantized spaces with the quantum time width (Dt=tq). The energy is newly defined as the 4-dimensional space-time volume of E = cDtDV in the present work. It is shown that the wave function of the quantum mechanics is closely related to the warped quantized space shape with the space time-volume. The quantum entanglement and quantum wave function collapse are explained additionally. The special relativity theory is separated into the energy transition associated with the space-time shape transition of the matter and the momentum transition associated with the space-time location transition. Then, the quantum mechanics and the general relativity theory are about the 4-dimensional space-time volume and the 4-dimensional space-time distance, respectively.

scholarly journals Unification of the Maxwell-Einstein-Dirac Correspondence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Albert Einstein, Lorentz and Minkowski published in 1905 the Theory of Special Relativity and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s.Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”.The original Kaluza-Klein theory was one of the first attempts to create an unified field theory i.e. the theory, which would unify all the forces under one fundamental law. It was published in 1921 by Theodor Kaluza and extended in 1926 by Oskar Klein. The basic idea of this theory was to postulate one extra compactified space dimension and introduce nothing but pure gravity in a new (1 + 4)-dimensional space-time. Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10-35 [m]The presented "New Unification Theory" unifies Classical Electrodynamics with General Relativity and Quantum Physics

Disorders of Orientation in Space-Time

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (488) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gooddy
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Indefinite Number ◽  
The World ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Time Continuum

“The non-mathematician is seized by a mysterious shuddering when he hears of ‘four-dimensional’ things, by a feeling not unlike that awakened by thoughts of the occult. And yet there is no more commonplace statement than that the world in which we live is a four-dimensional space-time continuum. By this we mean that it is possible to describe the position of a point at rest by means of three numbers (co-ordinates) x, y, z, and that there is an indefinite number of points in the neighbourhood of this one, the position of which can be described by co-ordinates such as x1, y1, z1, which may be as near as we choose to the respective values of the co-ordinates x, y, z of the first point. In virtue of the latter property we speak of a ‘continuum’, and owing to the fact that there are three co-ordinates we speak of it as being ‘three-dimensional’.

scholarly journals Unification of the Maxwell-Einstein-Dirac Correspondence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Albert Einstein, Lorentz and Minkowski published in 1905 the Theory of Special Relativity and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s.Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”.The original Kaluza-Klein theory was one of the first attempts to create an unified field theory i.e. the theory, which would unify all the forces under one fundamental law. It was published in 1921 by Theodor Kaluza and extended in 1926 by Oskar Klein. The basic idea of this theory was to postulate one extra compactified space dimension and introduce nothing but pure gravity in a new (1 + 4)-dimensional space-time. Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10-35 [m]The presented "New Unification Theory" unifies Classical Electrodynamics with General Relativity and Quantum Physics

The Paradox of Foreknowledge

Dialogue ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-230
Author(s):  
Storrs McCall
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Time Continuum

What fourth dimension of a four-dimensional space-time continuum. I propose to develop some of the commonly held implications of this view, and to show that they involve a contradiction. Hence whatever time is, it cannot be the thing corresponding to this particular theory.

Topology knots and hierarchy problem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Hierarchy Problem ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
New Formula

Many approaches to quantum gravity consider the revision of the space-time geometry and the structure of elementary particles. One of the main candidates is string theory. It is possible that this theory will be able to describe the problem of hierarchy, provided that there is an appropriate Calabi-Yau geometry. In this paper we will proceed from the traditional view on the structure of elementary particles in the usual four-dimensional space-time. The only condition is that quarks and leptons should have a common emerging structure. When a new formula for the mass of the hierarchy is obtained, this structure arises from topological quantum theory and a suitable choice of dimensional units.

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