Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data on the Magnitude of Racial Disparities of Depressive Symptoms in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous ◽  
Karina M Cahill ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Longfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant

A growing body of research has documented racial disparities in depressive symptoms in the United States, although the precise magnitude on these differences is less well understood. This issue has important implications for informing public health policy, and developing and administering prevention and intervention strategies. In this protocol, we propose a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from nationally representative studies from the United States drawn from Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). Our three aims are to: 1) Estimate the overall average difference of depressive symptoms between Whites and minorities, as well as between- (e.g., African-Americans, Latinos) and within- (e.g., Latinos: Mexican-Americans, Cuban-Americans) minority groups; 2) Determine if age, sex, education, income, occupation, socioeconomic status, and other variables account for these differences; 3) Test the cultural differences and similarities hypotheses. We argue that these health disparities are the result of social inequalities.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities of Depressive Symptoms in the United States A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous ◽  
Karina M Cahill ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Longfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Minority Participants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Although a growing body of research has documented racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms in the United States, the precise magnitude of these differences is not known. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data to (1) estimate the average difference of depressive symptoms between Whites and racial/ethnic minorities, as well as differences between (i.e., Asian American, African American, Latinxs, Multiracial, Native American, other race) and within (i.e., Latinx: Central American, Cuban American, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, other Latinx) minority groups, and (2) determine if moderators account for these differences. We screened 2,425 nationally-representative studies from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), and identified 127 datasets of studies conducted from 1971 to 2018. We included 73 datasets from 26 nationally-representative studies (N = 2,116,853). The average absolute difference was d = 0.09, 95% CI [0.07, 0.12] between White and minority participants; was d = 0.07, 95% CI [0.06, 0.09] between minority participants; and d = 0.10, 95% CI [0.06, 0.15] within minority Latinx participants. Increases in socioeconomic status exacerbated these disparities. Psychometric analyses showed that measure reliability was related to larger differences. We discuss the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029716
Author(s):  
Lea Wildisen ◽  
Elisavet Moutzouri ◽  
Shanthi Beglinger ◽  
Lamprini Syrogiannouli ◽  
Anne R Cappola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Individual Participant

IntroductionProspective cohort studies on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms have yielded conflicting findings, possibly because of differences in age, sex, thyroid-stimulating hormone cut-off levels or degree of baseline depressive symptoms. Analysis of individual participant data (IPD) may help clarify this association.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and IPD meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms. We will identify studies through a systematic search of the literature in the Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases from inception to April 2019 and from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration. We will ask corresponding authors of studies that meet our inclusion criteria to collaborate by providing IPD. Our primary outcome will be depressive symptoms at the first available individual follow-up, measured on a validated scale. We will convert all the scores to the Beck Depression Inventory scale. For each cohort, we will estimate the mean difference of depressive symptoms between participants with subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and control adjusted for depressive symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, we will adjust our multivariable linear regression analyses for age, sex, education and income. We will pool the effect estimates of all studies in a random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be assessed by I2. Our secondary outcomes will be depressive symptoms at a specific follow-up time, at the last available individual follow-up and incidence of depression at the first, last and at a specific follow-up time. For the binary outcome of incident depression, we will use a logistic regression model.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Our findings will have considerable implications for patient care. We will seek to publish this systematic review and IPD meta-analysis in a high-impact clinical journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091627.

Racial Disparities in Screening Mammography in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165.e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed T. Ahmed ◽  
Brian T. Welch ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Wigdan H. Farah ◽  
Tara L. Henrichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Mammography

scholarly journals Inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions: systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039518
Author(s):  
Jack Michael Birch ◽  
Simon J Griffin ◽  
Michael P Kelly ◽  
Amy L Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Individual Participant

IntroductionIt has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We will synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake, adherence and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults.Methods and analysisWe will update a previous systematic literature review from the United States Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults aged 18 years and over that were, or could feasibly be, conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO will be searched. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs will be included. Two investigators will independently screen articles for eligibility and conduct risk of bias assessment. We will curate publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) will be used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change and PROGRESS-Plus-related data will be extracted. Data will be synthesised narratively. We will present a Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion and whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as no primary data are being collected. The completed systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at conferences, and contribute to the lead author’s PhD thesis. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future individual participant data meta-analysis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020173242.

Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cultural Differences and Similarities in Executive Functioning in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna Rea-Sandin ◽  
Kevin Michael Korous ◽  
José M. Causadias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Cuban Americans

Executive functioning has important implications for multiple developmental processes and outcomes. However, the degree to which executive functioning varies between and within racial/ethnic groups in the United States is less understood. To address this issue, we will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of overall executive functioning and its three core components: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Our goals are to: 1) examine differences across these components between Whites and minorities, as well as differences between- (e.g., African-Americans, Latinos) and within- (e.g., Latinos: Mexican-Americans, Cuban-Americans) minority groups; and 2) test potential moderators of these differences (e.g., sex, age, measure). We will address the implications of these findings in terms of support for the cultural differences and similarities hypotheses.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (jun17 16) ◽  
pp. g3656-g3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schottker ◽  
R. Jorde ◽  
A. Peasey ◽  
B. Thorand ◽  
E. H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Individual Participant
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