scholarly journals Tonal priming is resistant to changes in pitch height

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Prince ◽  
Dominique T Vuvan ◽  
Mark A. Schmuckler ◽  
Thomas T. Scott-Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Pitch Height ◽  
Chord Sequence ◽  
Tonal Context

Research on tonal priming has consistently shown that tonally expected events are processed more efficiently and has confirmed that the locus of the effect is cognitive rather than sensory. However, it is also important to investigate the role of pitch height, because models of tonal priming collapse across octaves, yet it is possible that pitch height may modulate the effectiveness of tonal priming. We systematically tested this issue by varying the pitch heights of a related (tonic) or a less-related (subdominant) target chord following a tonal context. Musically untrained participants (N = 30) made speeded consonant/dissonant judgments of the final chord of an eight-chord sequence. The effects of tonal priming emerged in accuracy and reaction time measures for all octaves, except for a ceiling effect on accuracy in the matching (original pitch height) condition. In a second experiment, we increased the shift to two octaves and compressed the chords to eliminate overlap between the target and context chords; again, tonal priming emerged. These findings have implications for the behavioral study of tonal priming and support the assumption of octave equivalence in computational models.

Lung Computational Models and the Role of the Small Airways in Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (Supplement 4) ◽  
pp. S359.2-S360
Author(s):  
Jennilee Eppley ◽  
Todd Mahr
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Small Airways

Chemical Availability of Bromide Dictates CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Growth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Ruei Wen ◽  
Benjamin Roman ◽  
Freddy Rodriguez Ortiz ◽  
Noel Mireles Villegas ◽  
Nicholas Porcellino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystal ◽  
Nanocrystal Growth ◽  
Chemical Availability

Lack of detailed understanding of the growth mechanism of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals has hindered sophisticated morphological and chemical control of this important emerging optoelectronic material. Here, we have elucidated the growth mechanism by slowing the reaction kinetics. When 1-bromohexane is used as an alternative halide source, bromide is slowly released into the reaction mixture, extending the reaction time from ~3 seconds to greater than 20 minutes. This enables us to monitor the phase evolution of products over the course of reaction, revealing that CsBr is the initial species formed, followed by Cs4PbBr6, and finally CsPbBr3. Further, formation of monodisperse CsBr nanocrystals is demonstrated in a bromide-deficient and lead-abundant solution. The CsBr can only be transformed into CsPbBr3 nanocubes if additional bromide is added. Our results indicate a fundamentally different growth mechanism for CsPbBr3 in comparison with more established semiconductor nanocrystal systems and reveal the critical role of the chemical availability of bromide for the growth reactions.<br>

LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR DUE THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED LINE "MOSCOW-KAZAN"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Vladimir Mashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Stepped Surface ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
The Village

High-speed railway "Moscow-Kazan" by the draft crosses the Volga (Kuibyshev reservoir) in Chuvashia region 500 m below the village of New Kushnikovo. The crossing plot is a right-bank landslide slope with a stepped surface. Its height is 80 m; the slope steepness -15-16o. The authors should assess the risk of landslides and recommend anti-landslide measures to ensure the safety of the future bridge. For this landslide factors have been analyzed, slope stability assessment has been performed and recommendations have been suggested. The role of the following factors have been analyzed: 1) hydrologic - erosion and abrasion reservoir and runoff role; 2) lithologyc (the presence of Urzhum and Northern Dvina horizons of plastically deformable rocks, displacement areas); 3) hydrogeological (the role of perched, ground and interstratal water); 4) geomorphological (presence of the elemental composition of sliding systems and their structure in the relief); 5) exogeodynamic (cycles and stages of landslide systems development, mechanisms and relationship between landslide tiers of different generations and blocks contained in tiers). As a result 6-7 computational models at each of the three engineering-geological sections were made. The stability was evaluated by the method “of the leaning slope”. It is proved that the slope is in a very stable state and requires the following measures: 1) unloading (truncation) of active heads blocks of landslide tiers) and the edge of the plateau, 2) regulation of the surface and groundwater flow, 3) concrete dam, if necessary.

scholarly journals Role of body stiffness in undulatory swimming: Insights from robotic and computational models

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Tytell ◽  
Megan C. Leftwich ◽  
Chia-Yu Hsu ◽  
Boyce E. Griffith ◽  
Avis H. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Undulatory Swimming

scholarly journals Out of the loop? On the radical and the routine in urban big data

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110140
Author(s):  
Sarah Barns
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Urban Behaviour ◽  
The City

This commentary interrogates what it means for routine urban behaviours to now be replicating themselves computationally. The emergence of autonomous or artificial intelligence points to the powerful role of big data in the city, as increasingly powerful computational models are now capable of replicating and reproducing existing spatial patterns and activities. I discuss these emergent urban systems of learned or trained intelligence as being at once radical and routine. Just as the material and behavioural conditions that give rise to urban big data demand attention, so do the generative design principles of data-driven models of urban behaviour, as they are increasingly put to use in the production of replicable, autonomous urban futures.

In vivo role of BDNF cleavage: Behavioral study of the mutant mice using test battery

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S254
Author(s):  
Haruko Kumanogoh ◽  
Mitsuru Ohtsuka ◽  
Tomoko Hara ◽  
Yoshiko Urbanczyk ◽  
Keizo Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Battery ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Behavioral Study

Mechanistic Study of the Role of One-Component Resins in Rubber-to-Brass Bonding in Tires

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Y. Patil ◽  
William J. van Ooij
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion

Abstract Adhesion between rubber and brass-coated steel cords is enhanced by using resins as adhesion promoters. Experiments were carried out using a squalene liquid rubber modeling approach to study the effect of resins on the chemistry of the vulcanization reaction. The formation of new intermediates during vulcanization and changes in chemical concentrations with reaction time was studied using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis of the reacted squalene mixtures. Also, the effect of presence of resins on the surface of sulfidized brass cords was studied by analyzing the adhesion layer's elemental composition using the Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) characterization techniques. The changes in surface morphology of the adhesion layer with reaction time was noted by taking micrographs using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. In this paper, a new mechanism is proposed for the role of resins in the improvement of initial and aged adhesion performance between rubber and brass-coated steel tire cords.

scholarly journals A Neurocomputational Theory of Nightmares: The role of formal properties of nightmare images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McNamara ◽  
Wesley J Wildman ◽  
George Hodulik ◽  
David Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
Formal Properties

Abstract Study Objectives To test and extend Levin & Nielsen’s (2007) Affective Network Dysfunction (AND) model with nightmare disorder (ND) image characteristics, and then to implement the extension as a computational simulation, the Disturbed Dreaming Model (DDM). Methods We used AnyLogic V7.2 to computationally implement an extended AND model incorporating quantitative effects of image characteristics including valence, dominance, and arousal. We explored the DDM parameter space by varying parameters, running approximately one million runs, each for one month of model time, varying pathway bifurcation thresholds, image characteristics, and individual-difference variables to quantitively evaluate their combinatory effects on nightmare symptomology. Results The DDM shows that the AND model extended with pathway bifurcations and image properties is computationally coherent. Varying levels of image properties we found that when nightmare images exhibit lower dominance and arousal levels, the ND agent will choose to sleep but then has a traumatic nightmare, whereas, when images exhibit greater than average dominance and arousal levels, the nightmares trigger sleep-avoidant behavior, but lower overall nightmare distress at the price of exacerbating nightmare effects during waking hours. Conclusions Computational simulation of nightmare symptomology within the AND framework suggests that nightmare image properties significantly influence nightmare symptomology. Computational models for sleep and dream studies are powerful tools for testing quantitative effects of variables affecting nightmare symptomology and confirms the value of extending the Levin & Nielsen AND model of disturbed dreaming/ND.

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