LITERATURE REVIEW ON TIRE COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS

This paper is a literature review about tire component requirements for innovation in tire construction. Herein are pointed out essential aspects expected in Tires’ structures from the mechanical point of view for future development of a realistic model for advanced simulation of tires (in miscellaneous operating conditions) and innovation in tire mechanics. Being composite structures, tires are made of many elements chosen with delicacy due to their intrinsic physical properties in regards to load effects. Since tires' mechanical behavior is directly linked to the parameters of its constituents (carcass, steel cord belt, and textile cord belt, namely), it is thereof imperative to grasp some solid pieces of knowledge about. Wherefore, the current contribution explored the mechanical requirements to be taken into account in the matrix (rubber) and reinforcements (steel cords and textile cords) for determining the inputs enabling to build up an accurate and simple computer model for improving tires simulation.

Computational Simulation of the Shear Test of a Multi-layered Long-Fibre Composite with a Polymer Matrix

This paper deals with the creation of a computational model of a multi-layered composite made of long fibres embedded in a polymer matrix and its use to simulate the response of the composite to a shear test. The research involves the determination of material parameters of the matrix (elastomer, in the context of the current paper) as well as of fibres (textile-cords and steel-cords). Careful attention is given to the Mooney-Rivlin parameters obtained from the elastomers tensile test for these simulations since shear tests have not been performed. Then by getting advantage of APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language) in ANSYS, the computational model was successfully created and lastly simulated. The outputs obtained from the computational modelling will greatly help later to refine the orthotropic parameters of the composite, needed in future works to build up and achieve computational simulations of tires.

Research Of Influence of Horizontal Reinforcement on Compression and Shear Strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry

This paper presents a research of influence of horizontal reinforcement on compressive and shear strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) masonry. Specimens were tested according to guidelines of EN 1052-1 and ASTM ES519-81 code in case of compression and shear test respectively. Reinforcement in the form of strips of mesh rolled out from a roll, consists of steel cords with an interwoven fiberglass roving was used. The influence of this type of reinforcement was also compared with the results of tests of AAC masonry walls without reinforcement, reinforced with truss type reinforcement and reinforced with synthetic mesh respectively.

Study on Static Strain Aging Kinetics of High-Carbon Steel Wires and Its Impact on High-Strength Steel Cords

Under quasi-static loading, an irregular failure mode of high-strength thin carbon steel cords were observed after low-temperature thermal aging. Character and kinetics of damage in such wire ropes highly depend on the plastic elongation of the steel wires, which is significantly modified by the strain aging effect. In this paper, the static strain aging effect on heavily drawn high-carbon steel wires and their cords is experimentally studied in the 80–200 °C temperature range. The kinetics of the aging process is studied in detail. Experimental data are fit by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) kinetic model. The temperature dependence of the static strain aging process is given by means of the Arrhenius equation. The associated JMAK exponents, the apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential constant are determined. Quantitative analysis of the affected strength and strain parameters is given, and based on this, the macroscopic failure mechanism is fundamentally explained.

Analysis of Strength Factors of Steel Cord Conveyor Belt Splices Based on the FEM

Conveyor belt is an important element of the conveyor. The strength of the steel cord conveyor belt largely determines the carrying capacity, and it also has a great impact on operational safety. In this paper, the effect of different factors on the strength of the steel cord conveyor belt splices was studied. The FEM was used for simulation analysis, and the corresponding tensile experiments were carried out to verify. Steel cords of different lengths were simulated, and the simulation results agree well with the experimental results. On this basis, the steel cord length, steel cord diameter, rubber thickness, and different number of steel cords were investigated to study the effect on the pullout force of the steel cord conveyor belt splice. The numerical simulation results show that different steel cord diameters have more significant effect on the strength of the conveyor belt splice compared to rubber. The steel cord length and steel cord diameter impact on the steel cord conveyor belt is approximately linear. For the different number of the steel cords, the increase in the number of steel cords does not mean that the tension will increase by the same multiple, and the increase in pullout force is less than the increase in the number of steel cords. It provides guidance for the production of steel cord conveyor belts.

Mechanical Characterization of SRG Composites According to AC434

In the last decades, technologies and materials such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been used to strengthen different types of existing structures. More recently, composites have been developed consisting of reinforcement fabrics embedded in an inorganic mortar. These composites are known as fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM), when the fabric is made of aramid, glass, basalt, polyparaphenylene benzo-bisoxazole (PBO) or carbon fibers, and steel reinforced grout (SRG), when the fabric is made of twisted high-strength steel cords. In the United States, the characterization of FRCM/SRG systems is conducted in accordance to Acceptance Criteria AC434. According to AC434, the tensile properties of FRCM/SRG are obtained through a direct tensile test on coupons using clevis grips.The objective of this research is to discuss the applicability of the AC434 test method to determine the mechanical properties of SRG as a function of the length of the anchoring plates. SRG panels were cast and stored in a humidity chamber. After a 28-day curing period, they were cut to size and metal plates of different lengths adhered to their extremities. Results show that not all the assumptions currently made in AC434 are applicable to this type of composite. The experimental response was characterized by a trilinear stress-strain behavior. Furthermore, the cracked modulus calculated based on stress values between 60 and 90% of the ultimate stress does not accurately represent reality. Re-evaluation of this provision is of importance since the cracked modulus is used in design.