scholarly journals Social wariness, preference for solitude, and peer difficulties in middle childhood: A longitudinal family-informed study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Morneau-Vaillancourt ◽  
Célia Matte-Gagné ◽  
Rosa Cheesman ◽  
Mara Brendgen ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Peer Difficulties ◽  
Over Time

The present study examined, within a longitudinal family-informed design and across middle childhood, the predictive associations between preference for solitude and social wariness, two forms of social withdrawal, and peer difficulties. Specifically, preference for solitude, rather than social wariness, was expected to predict peer victimization and rejection, two aspects of peer difficulties. A total of 1041 children from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study were assessed by teachers and peers at ages 6, 7, and 10 years. Multi-level analyses conducted across three levels, between-family, within-family, and within-person, revealed that preference for solitude, rather than social wariness, increased the risk for peer difficulties in terms of both peer victimization and peer rejection. Specifically, preference for solitude was systematically associated with peer rejection starting at age 6 years and became progressively associated with peer victimization over time. This pattern was found both between and within families. In addition, the predictive association with peer rejection was found within genetically identical, monozygotic twin pairs, suggesting that this predictive association existed after taking into account genetic vulnerabilities. Social wariness was systematically unrelated to peer difficulties. These findings suggest that preference for solitude, rather than social wariness, is a risk factor for peer difficulties. They underscore the relevance of distinguishing these dimensions of social withdrawal and illustrate the usefulness of a family-informed design to document the processes underlying childhood social adjustment.

The relationships between shyness and unsociability and peer difficulties

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin-Bin Chen ◽  
Jonathan Bruce Santo
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
Peer Difficulties ◽  
Moderating Role

The main purpose of the study was to examine the moderating role of the insecure mother–child attachment in the relations between social withdraw and peer difficulties. Participants were 487 urban children (247 boys, 240 girls) in elementary schools in Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China. Data on attachment-relevant coping styles in insecure relationships with mother were collected from children’s self-reports. Information concerning social withdrawal (i.e., shyness and unsociability) and peer difficulties (i.e., peer victimization and rejection) was obtained from peer nomination. Among the results, both shyness and unsociability were positively related to peer victimization and rejection. However, several interaction effects were also observed. Both avoidant and ambivalent attachment served an exacerbating role for peer difficulties for shy and unsociable children, with these patterns differing by gender. Implications for the contributions of attachment to socially withdrawn children’s peer adjustment are discussed.

The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peers in predicting loneliness and depressed mood in childhood

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Boivin ◽  
Shelley Hymel ◽  
William M. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Peer Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Peer Experiences ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peers in predicting feelings of loneliness and depressed mood over time. According to the proposed model, the feelings of loneliness associated with social withdrawal are mediated by the negative peer experiences (negative peer status and peer victimization) to which withdrawn children are exposed. In predicting depressed mood over time, it was further hypothesized that self-reported loneliness ultimately mediates the subsequent depressed mood associated with withdrawal and negative peer experiences. The study was conducted across 2 consecutive years (Time 1 and Time 2), with children each year nominating peers for peer status, social withdrawal, and victimization measures, and completing self-report measures of loneliness and depressed mood. Fourth- and fifth-grade children participated at Time 1, and children that remained in the same school were again evaluated at Time 2 (N = 567). A series of regression analyses indicated that the postulated sequence of mediations adequately represented the pattern of longitudinal associations between the variables, as well as their pattern of change over time. The contribution of social withdrawal to the prediction of subsequent loneliness was accounted for by the expected pattern of mediations of negative peer experiences. Self-reported loneliness ultimately mediated the subsequent depressed mood associated with withdrawal and negative peer experiences.

With a Little Help From My Teachers? Effects of Teacher--Child Relationship on Concurrent and Subsequent Prosocial Behavior: A Monozygotic Twin Study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra S. Rivizzigno ◽  
Mara R. Brendgen ◽  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Michel Boivin ◽  
Ginette Dionne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Child Relationship

scholarly journals Bivariate Latent-Change-Score Analysis of Peer Relations From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Leading or Lagging Indicators of Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262096593
Author(s):  
Brent I. Rappaport ◽  
Joshua J. Jackson ◽  
Diana J. Whalen ◽  
David Pagliaccio ◽  
Joan L. Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Leading Indicator ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Latent Change Score

Understanding longitudinal associations between problematic peer relations and psychopathology is needed to inform public health. Three models have been proposed: Poor peer relations (a) lead or are a risk factor for psychopathology, (b) lag or are a consequence of psychopathology, or (c) both lead and lag psychopathology. Another model is that poor peer relations lead or lag psychopathology depending on the developmental period. To test these models, youths’ peer relations and clinical symptoms were assessed up to six times between ages 3 and 11 in 306 children. Bivariate latent-change-score models tested leading and lagging longitudinal relationships between children’s peer relations (peer victimization/rejection, peer-directed aggression, social withdrawal, prosocial behavior) and psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and externalizing symptoms). Peer victimization/rejection was a leading indicator of depression from early childhood into preadolescence. Peer-directed aggression was a leading indicator of externalizing symptoms (in late childhood).

scholarly journals Persisting inequality: A case of probabilistic drive towards divergence

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Maialeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Over Time

The aim of the study is to prove that agents organised by market forces tend to create and even more so deepen economic disparities over time. Empirical studies do not reliably describe the trend and causes of interpersonal global inequality in recent decades. Hence, the attention is turned to general economic theory with inspiration from Schumpeterian and neoclassical theories. The results indicate that pure market economy logic will tend to lead to multi-level divergence.

The Nature and Origin of Common Phobic Fears

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenn Torgersen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Five Factors

SummaryBy means of a twin study an attempt was made to throw light upon the aetiology and nosology of phobic fears. Factor analyses revealed five factors, namely separation fears, animal fears, mutilation fears, social fears and nature fears. The study demonstrated that, apart from separation fears, genetic factors play a part in the strength as well as content of phobic fears. Environmental factors, affecting the development of dependence, reserve and neurotic traits generally, seemed also to be of some importance. It was further demonstrated that phobic fears were related to emotional and social adjustment and this was true to an even greater extent for separation fears.

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