scholarly journals Prevalence of congenital amusia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Peretz ◽  
Dominique T Vuvan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Objective Tests

Congenital amusia (commonly known as tone deafness) is a lifelong musical disorder that affects 4% of the population according to a single estimate based on a single test from 1980. Here we present the first large-based measure of prevalence with a sample of 20 000 participants, which does not rely on self-referral. On the basis of three objective tests and a questionnaire, we show that (a) the prevalence of congenital amusia is only 1.5%, with slightly more females than males, unlike other developmental disorders where males often predominate; (b) self-disclosure is a reliable index of congenital amusia, which suggests that congenital amusia is hereditary, with 46% first-degree relatives similarly affected; (c) the deficit is not attenuated by musical training and (d) it emerges in relative isolation from other cognitive disorder, except for spatial orientation problems. Hence, we suggest that congenital amusia is likely to result from genetic variations that affect musical abilities specifically.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenital Amusia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Peretz ◽  
Dominique Vuvan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Objective Tests

Congenital amusia (commonly known as tone-deafness) is a lifelong musical disorder that should affect 4% of the population according to a single estimate based on a single test from 1980. Here we present the first large-based measure of prevalence with a sample of 20,000 participants that does not rely on self-referral. On the basis of three objective tests and a questionnaire, we show that (a) the prevalence of congenital amusia is only 1.5% with slightly more females than males, unlike other developmental disorders where males often predominate; (b) self-disclosure is a reliable index of congenital amusia, that suggests that congenital amusia is hereditary with 46% first-degree relatives similarly affected; c) that the deficit is not attenuated by musical training and d) it emerges in relative isolation from other cognitive disorder except for spatial orientation problems. Hence, we suggest that congenital amusia is likely to result from genetic variations that affect musical abilities specifically.

scholarly journals Decoding Task-Related Functional Brain Imaging Data to Identify Developmental Disorders: The Case of Congenital Amusia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Albouy ◽  
Anne Caclin ◽  
Sam V. Norman-Haignere ◽  
Yohana Lévêque ◽  
Isabelle Peretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Brain Imaging Data

scholarly journals Pediatric urodynamics: basic concepts for the neurosurgeon

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Kitchens ◽  
C. D. Anthony Herndon ◽  
David B. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Pelvic Floor Musculature ◽  
Urodynamic Investigation ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Objective Tests ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Urethral Function

✓ A great deal of information about overall bladder and urethral function can be obtained with the utilization of urodynamics. Urodynamics itself does not constitute a single test but more precisely the acquisition of multiple interconnected data combined to give an overall study of the storage and emptying phases of the bladder, function of the urethra, as well as the activity of the pelvic floor musculature. Urodynamic investigation represents one of the few reliable objective tests available to help guide therapy for the neurosurgeon. The authors review the various urodynamic tests most often utilized by pediatric urologists and discuss interpretation pitfalls with respect to interobserver variability. Technical aspects of the study are described along with normal and abnormal findings.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Tools for Dry Eye Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dougherty Wood ◽  
Shahzad I Mian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Objective Tests ◽  
Expected Outcomes

Dry eye disease is multifactorial in aetiology and complex in pathophysiology that makes its diagnosis clinically challenging. Although there are numerous tools for assessment of dry eye disease, no single test is sufficient for the diagnosis. Typically a combination of subjective symptoms and objective tests are used. The aim of this article is to review the available tests, including traditional tools and emerging technologies. This review includes a description of the test methodology, type of data collected, diagnostic reliability of data, benefits and limitations of each test, expected outcomes and tips for practical application.

scholarly journals Congenital amusia: A cognitive disorder limited to resolved harmonics and with no peripheral basis

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Cousineau ◽  
Andrew J. Oxenham ◽  
Isabelle Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Congenital Amusia

scholarly journals Pre-attentive processing of neutral and emotional sounds in congenital amusia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Pralus ◽  
Marie Gomot ◽  
Jackson Graves ◽  
Fanny Cholvy ◽  
Lesly Fornoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musical Training ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Emotional Deviance ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
And Control

AbstractCongenital amusia is a life-long deficit of musical processing. This deficit can extend to the processing of language and in particular, emotional prosody. In a previous behavioral study, we revealed that while amusic individuals had difficulties in explicitly recognizing emotions for short vowels, they rated the emotional intensity of these same vowels as did their matched control participants. This finding led to the hypothesis that congenital amusics might be impaired for explicit emotional prosody recognition, but not for its implicit processing. With the aim to investigate amusics’ automatic processing of prosody, the present study measured electroencephalography (EEG) when participants listened passively to vowels presented within an oddball paradigm. Emotionally neutral vowel served as the standard and either emotional (anger and sadness) or neutral vowels as deviants. Evoked potentials were compared between participants with congenital amusia and control participants matched in age, education, and musical training. The MMN was rather preserved for all deviants in amusia, whereas an earlier negative component was found decreased in amplitude in amusics compared to controls for the neutral and sadness deviants. For the most salient deviant (anger), the P3a was decreased in amplitude for amusics compared to controls. These results showed some preserved automatic detection of emotional deviance in amusia despite an early deficit to process subtle acoustic changes. In addition, the automatic attentional shift in response to salient deviants at later processing stages was reduced in amusics in comparison to the controls. In the three ERPs related to the deviance, between-group differences were larger over bilateral prefrontal areas, previously shown to display functional impairments in congenital amusia. Our present study thus provides further understanding of the dichotomy between implicit and explicit processing in congenital amusia, in particular for vocal stimuli with emotional content.

scholarly journals Dissociation of tone merger and congenital amusia in Hong Kong Cantonese

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253982
Author(s):  
Caicai Zhang ◽  
Oi-Yee Ho ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
Jinghua Ou ◽  
Sam-Po Law
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Musical Perception ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hong Kong Cantonese ◽  
Tone Discrimination

While the issue of individual variation has been widely studied in second language learning or processing, it is less well understood how perceptual and musical aptitude differences can explain individual variation in native speech processing. In the current study, we make use of tone merger in Hong Kong Cantonese, an ongoing sound change that concerns the merging of tones in perception, production or both in a portion of native speakers, to examine the possible relationship between tone merger and musical and pitch abilities. Although a previous study has reported the occurrence of tone merger independently of musical training, it has not been investigated before whether tone-merging individuals, especially those merging tones in perception, would have inferior musical perception and fine-grained pitch sensitivities, given the close relationship of speech and music. To this end, we tested three groups of tone-merging individuals with various tone perception and production profiles on musical perception and pitch threshold tasks, in comparison to a group of Cantonese speakers with congenital amusia, and another group of controls without tone merger or amusia. Additionally, the amusics were compared with tone-merging individuals on the details of their tone discrimination and production profiles. The results showed a clear dissociation of tone merger and amusia, with the tone-merging individuals exhibiting intact musical and pitch abilities; on the other hand, the amusics demonstrated widespread difficulties in tone discrimination yet intact tone production, in contrast to the highly selective confusion of a specific tone pair in production or discrimination in tone-merging individuals. These findings provide the first evidence that tone merger and amusia are distinct from each other, and further suggest that the cause of tone merger may lie elsewhere rather than being driven by musical or pitch deficits. We also discussed issues arising from the current findings regarding the neural mechanisms of tone merger and amusia.

Spotlight on the Clinician in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: Balancing Relationship-Centered Care and Professionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Rochelle Cohen-Schneider ◽  
Melodie T. Chan ◽  
Denise M. McCall ◽  
Allison M. Tedesco ◽  
Ann P. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter

Background Speech-language pathologists make clinical decisions informed by evidence-based theory and “beliefs, values and emotional experiences” ( Hinckley, 2005 , p. 265). These subjective processes, while not extensively studied, underlie the workings of the therapeutic relationship and contribute to treatment outcomes. While speech-language pathologists do not routinely pay attention to subjective experiences of the therapeutic encounter, social workers do. Thus, the field of social work makes an invaluable contribution to the knowledge and skills of speech-language pathologists. Purpose This clinical focus article focuses on the clinician's contribution to the therapeutic relationship by surfacing elements of the underlying subjective processes. Method Vignettes were gathered from clinicians in two community aphasia programs informed by the principles of the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia. Results and Discussion By reflecting on and sharing aspects of clinical encounters, clinicians reveal subjective processing occurring beneath the surface. The vignettes shed light on the following clinical behaviors: listening to the client's “whole self,” having considerations around self-disclosure, dealing with biases, recognizing and surfacing clients' identities, and fostering hope. Speech-language pathologists are given little instruction on the importance of the therapeutic relationship, how to conceptualize this relationship, and how to balance this relationship with professionalism. Interprofessional collaboration with social workers provides a rich opportunity to learn ways to form and utilize the benefits of a strong therapeutic relationship while maintaining high standards of ethical behavior. Conclusion This clinical focus article provides speech-language pathologists with the “nuts and bolts” for considering elements of the therapeutic relationship. This is an area that is gaining traction in the field of speech-language pathology and warrants further investigation.

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