scholarly journals audiomath: a Neuroscientist's Sound Toolkit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jeremy Hill ◽  
Scott W. J. Mooney ◽  
Glen T. Prusky
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Programming Effort ◽  
Latency Jitter ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
Engineering Effort

In neuroscientific experiments and applications, working with auditory stimuli demands software tools for generation and acquisition of raw audio, for composition and tailoring of that material into finished stimuli, for precisely timed presentation of the stimuli, and for experimental session recording. Numerous programming tools exist to approach these tasks, but their differing specializations and conventions demand extra time and effort for integration. In particular, verifying stimulus timing requires extensive engineering effort when developing new applications.We present audiomath (https://pypi.org/project/audiomath ), a sound software library for Python that prioritizes the needs of neuroscientists. It minimizes programming effort by providing a simple object-oriented interface that unifies functionality for audio generation, manipulation, visualization, decoding, encoding, recording, and playback. It also incorporates specialized tools for measuring and optimizing stimulus timing.We provide an overview of the challenges and possible approaches to the problem of recording stimulus timing. We then report audio latency measurements across a range of hardware, operating systems and settings, to illustrate the ways in which hardware and software factors interact to affect stimulus presentation performance, and the resulting pitfalls for the programmer and experimenter. In particular, we highlight the potential conflict between demands for low latency, low variability in latency ("jitter"), cooperativeness and robustness. We report the ways in which audiomath can help to map this territory and provide a simplified path toward each application's particular priority.By unifying audio-related functionality and providing specialized diagnostic tools, audiomath both simplifies and potentiates the development of neuroscientific applications in Python.

scholarly journals Parallel Object-Oriented Computation Applied to a Finite Element Problem

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon B. Weissman ◽  
Andrew S. Grimshaw ◽  
R.D. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Data Parallel ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Performance Results

The conventional wisdom in the scientific computing community is that the best way to solve large-scale numerically intensive scientific problems on today's parallel MIMD computers is to use Fortran or C programmed in a data-parallel style using low-level message-passing primitives. This approach inevitably leads to nonportable codes and extensive development time, and restricts parallel programming to the domain of the expert programmer. We believe that these problems are not inherent to parallel computing but are the result of the programming tools used. We will show that comparable performance can be achieved with little effort if better tools that present higher level abstractions are used. The vehicle for our demonstration is a 2D electromagnetic finite element scattering code we have implemented in Mentat, an object-oriented parallel processing system. We briefly describe the application. Mentat, the implementation, and present performance results for both a Mentat and a hand-coded parallel Fortran version.

CorTag

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-189
Author(s):  
Yves Kodratoff ◽  
Jérôme Azé ◽  
Lise Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Programming Tool ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Programming Effort

This chapter argues that in order to extract significant knowledge from masses of technical texts, it is necessary to provide the field specialists with programming tools with which they themselves may use to program their text analysis tools. These programming tools, besides helping the programming effort of the field specialists, must also help them to gather the field knowledge necessary for defining and retrieving what they define as significant knowledge. This necessary field knowledge must be included in a well-structured and easy to use part of the programming tool. In this chapter, we present CorTag, a programming tool which is designed to correct existing tags in a text and to assist the field specialist to retrieve the knowledge and/or information he or she is looking for.

scholarly journals Mental chronometry in the pocket? Timing accuracy of web applications on touchscreen and keyboard devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pronk ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Bert Molenkamp ◽  
Jaap Murre
Keyword(s):  
Web Applications ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Web Browsers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Timing Accuracy ◽  
Mental Chronometry ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
Technical Innovations

AbstractWeb applications can implement procedures for studying the speed of mental processes (mental chronometry) and can be administered via web browsers on most commodity desktops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets. This approach to conducting mental chronometry offers various opportunities, such as increased scale, ease of data collection, and access to specific samples. However, validity and reliability may be threatened by less accurate timing than specialized software and hardware can offer. We examined how accurately web applications time stimuli and register response times (RTs) on commodity touchscreen and keyboard devices running a range of popular web browsers. Additionally, we explored the accuracy of a range of technical innovations for timing stimuli, presenting stimuli, and estimating stimulus duration. The results offer some guidelines as to what methods may be most accurate and what mental chronometry paradigms may suitably be administered via web applications. In controlled circumstances, as can be realized in a lab setting, very accurate stimulus timing and moderately accurate RT measurements could be achieved on both touchscreen and keyboard devices, though RTs were consistently overestimated. In uncontrolled circumstances, such as researchers may encounter online, stimulus presentation may be less accurate, especially when brief durations are requested (of up to 100 ms). Differences in RT overestimation between devices might not substantially affect the reliability with which group differences can be found, but they may affect reliability for individual differences. In the latter case, measurement via absolute RTs can be more affected than measurement via relative RTs (i.e., differences in a participant’s RTs between conditions).

Time and time again: Temporal influences of repeated stimuli

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Di Luca
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Repeated Stimulus ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Temporal Adaptation ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
Regular Rhythm ◽  
Constant Interval

Temporal perception does not always correspond to objective time. Several factors contribute to distort perceived timing of stimuli. This work investigates the effect of repeated stimulus presentation (either a sound or a light) on perceived timing of a subsequent audiovisual pair. At the beginning of each trial, a series of sounds or lights is presented with a constant interval. One final stimulus is presented either rhythmically or with a temporal shift. In a psychophysical task, participants judged whether the last stimulus in the sequence is presented before or after a temporal probe in the other modality. Results indicate two types of effects. First, the last stimulus of the sequence appears to be delayed with respect to the probe in the other modality. Second, deviations from regular rhythm tend to be perceptually compensated. Overall, perceived stimulus timing is shown to be affected by the temporal context, and the effect is consistent with a change in perceptual latency. The change depends on the modality of the repeated stimulus and can be explained as a combined effect of an temporal adaptation (i.e., slowing down perception) plus a temporal expectation acting on the slightly arrhythmic stimuli.

scholarly journals Developing Programming Tools to Handle Traveling Salesman Problem by the Three Object-Oriented Languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ismkhan ◽  
Kamran Zamanifar
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Abstract Data Type ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
The Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
Object Oriented Languages

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most famous problems. Many applications and programming tools have been developed to handle TSP. However, it seems to be essential to provide easy programming tools according to state-of-the-art algorithms. Therefore, we have collected and programmed new easy tools by the three object-oriented languages. In this paper, we present ADT (abstract data type) of developed tools at first; then we analyze their performance by experiments. We also design a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) by developed tools. Experimental results show that the proposed HGA is comparable with the recent state-of-the-art applications.

scholarly journals Visualization of multidimensional numerical arrays of solid-state objects

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegas Ramašauskas
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Computational Mathematics ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
System Components

This article is intended for math and computer science subjects study deepening and understanding of multidimensional computer graphics environment. The paper describes multidimensional numeric arrays visualization using object-oriented programming tools. The method allows the multidimensional numeric arrays stored data to simulate virtual reality products which, in turn, can become the reference now intensively developed new embedded system components. Shown an another option to simulate the multidimensional visual objects that may be transformed from capturing or graphically present on the computer screen using a new computational mathematics packages for solving advancedcomputer graphics tasks. It seems comfortable to use new estimated mathematics programs and packages, which already are enriched with digital image processing tools, allowing create a various objects of the real world.

Lingual Vibrotactile Threshold Alterations in Response to Varying Stimulation Levels of Intensity and Duration

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Fucci ◽  
Ann P. Curtis ◽  
Patrick Mc Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Vibrotactile Threshold ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Sensitivity

Lingual vibrotactile thresholds were obtained at a frequency of 250 Hz by using an ascending-continuous series of stimulation during five sessions. Each of three adult male Ss attended a control session which included a prescribed period of constant tongue positioning, a pre-experimental session where the mean of six thresholds was obtained as a basis of further testing, and three experimental sessions. In the experimental sessions vibrotactile thresholds after exposure to vibratory stimulation of varying levels of intensity and duration were obtained. The findings of the control session reflected a slight pattern of decreased lingual sensitivity indicative of the influential factor of constant maintenance of tongue positioning. Results from the experimental sessions demonstrated shifts toward progressively decreased lingual sensitivity after exposure to vibratory signals of increased levels of intensity and duration. A recovery phase to near-normal sensitivity followed each stimulus presentation.

Developing an Effective Framework for the Augmentative and Alternative Communication Evaluation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste R. Helling ◽  
Jamila Minga
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Communication Evaluation ◽  
Communication Needs

A comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation is critical to providing a viable means of expressive communication for nonverbal people with complex communication needs. Although a number of diagnostic tools are available to assist AAC practitioners with the assessment process, there is a need to tailor the evaluation process to the specific communication needs of the AAC user. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for developing an effective and clinically driven framework for approaching a user-tailored AAC evaluation process.

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