Lingual Vibrotactile Threshold Alterations in Response to Varying Stimulation Levels of Intensity and Duration

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Fucci ◽  
Ann P. Curtis ◽  
Patrick Mc Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Vibrotactile Threshold ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Sensitivity

Lingual vibrotactile thresholds were obtained at a frequency of 250 Hz by using an ascending-continuous series of stimulation during five sessions. Each of three adult male Ss attended a control session which included a prescribed period of constant tongue positioning, a pre-experimental session where the mean of six thresholds was obtained as a basis of further testing, and three experimental sessions. In the experimental sessions vibrotactile thresholds after exposure to vibratory stimulation of varying levels of intensity and duration were obtained. The findings of the control session reflected a slight pattern of decreased lingual sensitivity indicative of the influential factor of constant maintenance of tongue positioning. Results from the experimental sessions demonstrated shifts toward progressively decreased lingual sensitivity after exposure to vibratory signals of increased levels of intensity and duration. A recovery phase to near-normal sensitivity followed each stimulus presentation.

Size spectra, body width and morphotypes of intertidal nematodes: an ecological interpretation

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tita ◽  
M. Vincx ◽  
G. Desrosiers
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Tidal Level ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sandy Sediments

Nematode species from three intertidal assemblages (St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada) were studied in order to form an ecological interpretation of three allometric attributes: body width, size spectra, and morphotypes. The three assemblages were characterized by a very similar sediment grain median (Md) but different silt–clay proportions: A1 (upper-tidal level; Md=122 μm; silt=34.8%), A3 (mid-tidal level; Md=182 μm; silt=12.8%), and A5 (lower-tidal level; Md=122 μm; silt=6.8%). Silt–clay proportions were an influential factor in determining the mean nematode body width, used as a morphological discriminant between burrowing and interstitial organisms. A plot of the number of species vs the body width-classes showed two peaks: between 19.3 and 22.6 μm (interstitial), and between 32.0 and 45.5 μm (burrowers). As for the size spectra, in sandy sediments the mean nematode individual biomass was smaller than in muddy sediments. As a consequence, the estimated mean individual respiration rate was greater in muddy (A1=2.26 nl O2 h−1) than sandy sediments (A3=1.25 nl O2 h−1; A5=1.12 nl O2 h−1). In contrast, estimated metabolic ratios were lower in A1 (2.78 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 dry weight, DW) than in A3 (2.95 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 DW) and A5 (3.01 nl O2 h−1 μg−1 DW) suggesting different productivity and/or physiological adaptations to different lifestyles (burrowing vs interstitial) between species inhabiting muddy or sandy sediments. Morphotypes (body width/body length ratio=w/l ratio) were found to be associated with feeding groups. Small w/l ratios were typical of microvores, while greater ratios were typical of epigrowth feeders and predators. Ciliate-feeders, deposit-feeders and facultative predators had intermediate ratios. A morphotype food-related hypothesis is proposed: the species morphotype reflects the quality of exploited food; a small w/l ratio (i.e. long gut) would favour digestive efficiency and would be an adaptation to low quality food (microvores); inversely, a greater w/l ratio (i.e. short gut) would be an adaptation to high quality food (epigrowth-feeders and predators).

scholarly journals Restoration of elective spine surgery during the first wave of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101
Author(s):  
Riaz Mohammed ◽  
Pranav Shah ◽  
Alexander Durst ◽  
Naveen J. Mathai ◽  
Alexandru Budu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Aims With resumption of elective spine surgery services in the UK following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a multicentre British Association of Spine Surgeons (BASS) collaborative study to examine the complications and deaths due to COVID-19 at the recovery phase of the pandemic. The aim was to analyze the safety of elective spinal surgery during the pandemic. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from eight spinal centres for the first month of operating following restoration of elective spine surgery in each individual unit. Primary outcome measure was the 30-day postoperative COVID-19 infection rate. Secondary outcomes analyzed were the 30-day mortality rate, surgical adverse events, medical complications, and length of inpatient stay. Results In all, 257 patients (128 males) with a median age of 54 years (2 to 88) formed the study cohort. The mean number of procedures performed from each unit was 32 (16 to 101), with 118 procedures (46%) done as category three prioritization level. The majority of patients (87%) were low-medium “risk stratification” category and the mean length of hospital stay was 5.2 days. None of the patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nor was there any mortality related to COVID-19 during the 30-day follow-up period, with 25 patients (10%) having been tested for symptoms. Overall, 32 patients (12%) developed a total of 34 complications, with the majority (19/34) being grade 1 to 2 Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications. No patient required postoperative care in an intensive care setting for any unexpected complication. Conclusion This study shows that safe and effective planned spinal surgical services can be restored avoiding viral transmission, with diligent adherence to national guidelines and COVID-19-secure pathways tailored according to the resources of the individual spinal units. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1096–1101.

Perceptual cues used to reproduce an inspired lung volume

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130
Author(s):  
B. L. Plassman ◽  
R. W. Lansing
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Inspiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Final Session ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subject Performance ◽  
Healthy Males

The perceptual cues used to reproduce a specific lung volume were studied in five healthy males. Performance was examined under three conditions that were designed progressively to remove the reliability of cues that a subject might use to duplicate a specific lung volume. As judged by the mean errors (disregarding the sign of the error) and constant errors (including the sign of the error), there were no significant differences in the accuracy with which subjects reproduced a standard volume, even when they were required to perform the reproductions at various inspiratory rates and starting volumes. The best performance was in the final experimental session in which the mean error for the group, all conditions combined, was 133 ml. There was a difference between conditions on the just-noticeable differences (a measure of variability including the sign of the error); subject performance was significantly more variable when the inspiratory flow rate was altered. The group mean error for the final session for just-noticeable differences was 93.3 ml. Our results indicate that a specific lung volume can be achieved using cues other than those associated with the movement made to attain that lung volume. The specific afferents that provided these cues are not known, but we propose that they uniquely signal static position.

Time course of the bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine and methacholine

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cartier ◽  
J. L. Malo ◽  
P. Begin ◽  
M. Sestier ◽  
R. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Pulmonary Flow ◽  
The Mean

Eleven asthmatic subjects inhaled doubling concentrations of histamine until a near sixfold increase in total pulmonary flow resistance had been reached. This last concentration (C6) of histamine and methacholine was administered on two subsequent separate visits. Specific lung conductance (sGL) dropped to 18.6 +/- 7.9 (SD) and 19.1 +/- 10.3% of initial value after histamine and methacholine, respectively (NS). Whereas the peak action occurred in a similar interval (1–4 min), the mean duration of the subsequent plateau, defined as values of sGL within 20% of the maximum fall was 16.8 +/- 9.8 min for histamine and 74.6 +/- 53.7 min for methacholine (P less than 0.01). The recovery phase from the end of the plateau to base line lasted 25.5 +/- 14.4 min for histamine and 56.7 +/- 38.3 min for methacholine (P less than 0.01). The duration of plateau and recovery phases were not linked with base-line sGL, maximum fall in sGL, or C6. We conclude that for the same induced bronchoconstriction methacholine has a more prolonged action than histamine.

Auditory Masking Effects on Lingual Vibrotactile Thresholds as a Function of Age

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Randall R. Robey
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vibrotactile Threshold ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
College Age ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Post Hoc

Auditory masking effects on lingual vibrotactile thresholds were examined across three groups of 10 subjects each. The first group included children 13 yr. of age or younger, the second group young college age adults, and the third group elderly individuals 66 yr. of age or older. Lingual vibrotactile thresholds were obtained from each group at a frequency of 250 Hz, under experimental conditions of no-masking, narrow-band masking, and wide-band masking. Results showed statistically significant threshold differences between the elderly group and the other two groups for all three experimental conditions. A difference was also detected between experimental conditions when an over-all statistical analysis was performed, but this difference disappeared under more stringent post hoc examination. Results are discussed with respect to current literature on aging and appropriate simplified procedures are recommended for future lingual vibrotactile threshold testing.

Changes in Lingual Sensitivity as a Function of Age and Stimulus Exposure Time

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Petrosino ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Randall R. Robey
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Vibrotactile Threshold ◽  
Stimulus Exposure ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Vibrotactile Thresholds

Effects of duration of stimulus exposure on lingual vibrotactile thresholds were examined across three groups of 10 subjects each ( n = 30). Subjects were grouped according to age (child group, mean age = 10.1 yr.; young adult group, mean age = 21.9 yr.; elderly group, mean age = 76.0 yr.). Lingual vibrotactile threshold measurements were obtained for all subjects under 5 conditions of exposure (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 sec.). Results showed statistically significant differences in threshold among all three age groups. As age increased, thresholds of lingual sensitivity increased (became poorer). Stimulus duration also created significant differences in threshold for all age groups. As stimulus duration increased, thresholds of lingual sensitivity decreased (became better). The children appeared to be the most stable across conditions whereas the elderly group appeared to be the most affected by stimulus duration.

scholarly journals Does an acute bout of high intensity interval exercise suppress appetite in obese women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Khalaj ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Agouti Related Protein ◽  
Desire To Eat

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the 24 hour response of appetite and energy intake and the amount of Agouti-Related Protein to the high intensity interval exercise in obese untrained women. Methods: Ten obese untrained women were voluntarily selected according to the criteria of the research and evaluated in two experimental and control sessions. Blood samples were collected in two sessions of control and experimental group in five stages. Also, the appetite questionnaire was completed in 9 steps. Also, energy intake was recorded by them during the day. Results: Agouti-Related Protein increased significantly in experimental session immediately after exercise compared to the control session (p<0.05). In the Visual analog scale, the feeling of hunger and desire to eat decreased significantly immediately after exercise and before lunch in the experimental session (p<0.05). While feeling of satiety and fullness were significantly higher immediately after exercise and before lunch (p<0.05), in other words, the desire to eat was reduced. Also, exercise significantly reduced energy intake in the experimental session compared to control session (p<0.05). The amount of protein consumption, carbohydrate, and fat decreased in the experimental session compared to the control session, but this decrease was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although a session of high intensity interval exercise resulted in reduced energy intake, but this reduction was not related to just one macronutrient. Hunger and desire to eat decreased after exercise and before lunch but the Agouti-Related Protein increased after exercise.

scholarly journals What Matters in Piglets’ Exposure to Antibiotics Administered through Drinking Water?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Malika Chassan ◽  
Anne Hémonic ◽  
Didier Concordet
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Simulations

A number of drugs are given in drinking water in piglet farming, although this way of administering drugs leads to significant and uncontrolled variability in exposures. Three main explanations for this variability have been described in the literature: (1) the drinking behavior of animals, (2) the drug concentration in water, and (3) the inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. This article assesses the relative importance of these three sources of exposure variability for doxycycline and amoxicillin using pharmacokinetic simulations and by observing watering behavior, and analyzes the consequences of this exposure variability. The water consumption behavior was by far the most important factor as it led to a variation in exposures of up to a factor of 7 between piglets. The second most influential factor was the drug concentration in the drinking water with variations ranging from −43.3% to +48.7% at the beginning and the end of the pipeline. Finally, the between-individual variation in PK parameters depends on the drug, but had a low impact on exposure variability. In the most variable case (doxycycline), the mean ratio between the 10% less exposed and the 10% most exposed piglets varied from 3.7 without PK parameters variability to 6 with PK variability. For both drugs, this study also showed that only a small percentage of the piglets (36%) could be considered as well exposed in case of infection by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae or Pasteurella multocida. There may be some existing technical ways to reduce this important variability. However, their cost and ease of implementation merit examination.

A comprehensive evaluation of academic performance of undergraduate and postgraduate students, interns and fellows at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O.Ye. Sichkoriz ◽  
◽  
T.S. Kolach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Final State ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
National Medical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical University

The integral part in the system of healthcare workforce education is determining the quality index of the specialists' training and analysis of educational achievements of students. Aim. To evaluate academic performance of undergraduate and postgraduate students, interns and fellows at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv. To study the influence of diverse factors on the outcomes of the final attestation, and work out regressive models concerning the results of the final attestation of the students, interns and fellows of each of the specialties. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out among the interns at the Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv who underwent the final state attestation in 2018, in regard with the following criteria: the results of the licenced exams "Step-1 (Krok-1)", "Step-2 (Krok-2)", "Step-3 (Krok-3)"; the mean grade received for the state exams, and the results of the final attestation. The statistical analysis was performed by means of multiple correlative-regressive analysis. Adequacy and reliability of the obtained statistical models were evaluated using Fisher criterion. Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, it was established that the highest results of the licenced exams "Step-1", " Step-3", the state exams, and the final attestation were achieved by the interns in specialty "Emergency medicine"; the interns in specialty "Internal medicine" demonstrated the highest scores of the exam "Step-2". The lowest results of the licenced exams "Step-1" and "Step-2" were registered in the interns inspecialty "Pediatrics"; similar results of the \exam "Step-3", state exams, and the final attestation were achieved by the interns in specialty "Dentistry". A direct correlation between the results of the licenced exams "Step-1", "Step-2", and "Step-3", state exams, and the final attestation among the interns of all specialties of the LNMU in 2018 (р<0,05) was substantiated. Conclusions. The most influential factor in predicting the results of the final attestation are the results of "Step-3"; the second prediction factor is the mean grade of the state exams. Mathematical prediction of the results of the final attestation has important practical implications , because it assists with timely identification ofof the group of interns with high risks of failure and subsequent early intensifying of their academic activities. Key words: undergraduate and postgraduate education, interns, licenced exam, result of the final attestation

The Influence of Dental Shade Guides and Experience on the Accuracy of Shade Matching

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Nakhaei ◽  
Jalil Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Samin Alavi ◽  
Sahar Amirinejad ◽  
Hamidreza Rajatihaghi
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shade Matching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shade Guide

ABSTRACT Aim There is limited and inconsistent information on some factors affecting visual shade selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade guide type and professional experience on shade-matching results. Materials and methods Thirty Dental students (DS), 30 General dentists (GDs) and 30 Dental specialists (S) participated in this study. The participants were asked to match six target tabs using two dental shade guides: Vitapan Classical (VC) and Vitapan 3D-Master (3D). An intraoral spectrophotometer was used for color measurement of target tabs and selected tabs. The color difference (Conflict of interest: NoneE) values between the target tab and selected tab were calculated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test (α = 0.05). Results of the first five best matches for each target tab were expressed as ΔE1 to ΔE5. Differences in the mean values of ΔE1 to ΔE5 between VC and 3D were compared using descriptive statistics. Results There were no significant differences among the three participating groups in ΔE values when the 3D was used (p = 0.389). However, significant differences were found with VC (p < 0.001). The ΔE values achieved from the 3D were significantly lower than those from VC for DS and S (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). For each of the first five best matches, the mean ΔE values from the 3D were smaller than the corresponding values of VC. Conclusion The type of dental shade guide affected the shadematching results. The level of experience was not found to be an influential factor in shade matching when 3D-Master shade guide was used. Clinical significance Compared with Vitapan Classical shade guide, use of the Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide improves shade-matching results. How to cite this article Nakhaei M, Ghanbarzadeh J, Amirinejad S, Alavi S, Rajatihaghi H. The Influence of Dental Shade Guides and Experience on the Accuracy of Shade Matching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):22-26.

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