scholarly journals The relationship between social identity and cognitive diversity in environmental stakeholders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Aminpour ◽  
Heike Schwermer ◽  
Steven Gray
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Diversity ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Resource Dynamics ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Groups with higher cognitive diversity, i.e. variations in how people think and solve problems, are thought to demonstrate improved performance in complex problem-solving. However, embracing or even engineering adequate cognitive diversity is not straightforward and may even jeopardize social inclusion. In fact, those that want to promote cognitive diversity might make a simplified assumption that there exists a link between identity diversity, i.e. range of social characteristics, and variations in how people perceive and solve problems. If it holds true, incorporating diverse identities may concurrently satisfy desirable cognitive diversity while social inclusion is explicitly acknowledged. However, currently there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this hypothesis in the context of complex social-ecological systems—a system wherein human and environmental dimensions are interdependent, where common-pool resources are used or managed by multiple types of stakeholders. Using a fisheries example, we examine the relationship between resource stakeholders’ identities and their cognitive diversity. We used cognitive mapping techniques in conjunction with network analysis to measure cognitive distances within and between stakeholders of various social types (i.e. identities). Our results empirically show that groups with higher identity diversity also demonstrate more cognitive diversity, evidenced by disparate characteristics of their cognitive maps representing their understanding of the fishery dynamics. These findings have important implications for sustainable management of common-pool resources, where the inclusion of diverse stakeholders is routine, while our study shows it may also achieve higher cognitive coverage that can potentially lead to more complete, accurate, and innovative understanding of complex resource dynamics.

scholarly journals Do social identity and cognitive diversity correlate in environmental stakeholders? A novel approach to measuring cognitive distance within and between groups

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0244907
Author(s):  
Payam Aminpour ◽  
Heike Schwermer ◽  
Steven Gray
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Diversity ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Novel Approach

Groups with higher cognitive diversity, i.e. variations in how people think and solve problems, are thought to contribute to improved performance in complex problem-solving. However, embracing or even engineering adequate cognitive diversity is not straightforward and may even jeopardize social inclusion. In response, those that want to promote cognitive diversity might make a simplified assumption that there exists a link between identity diversity, i.e. range of social characteristics, and variations in how people perceive and solve problems. If this assumption holds true, incorporating diverse identities may concurrently achieve cognitive diversity to the extent essential for complex problem-solving, while social inclusion is explicitly acknowledged. However, currently there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this hypothesis in the context of complex social-ecological systems—a system wherein human and environmental dimensions are interdependent, where common-pool resources are used or managed by multiple types of stakeholders. Using a fisheries example, we examine the relationship between resource stakeholders’ identities and their cognitive diversity. We used cognitive mapping techniques in conjunction with network analysis to measure cognitive distances within and between stakeholders of various social types (i.e., identities). Our results empirically show that groups with higher identity diversity also demonstrate more cognitive diversity, evidenced by disparate characteristics of their cognitive maps that represent their understanding of fishery dynamics. These findings have important implications for sustainable management of common-pool resources, where the inclusion of diverse stakeholders is routine, while our study shows it may also achieve higher cognitive coverage that can potentially lead to more complete, accurate, and innovative understanding of complex resource dynamics.

Examining the relationship between self-control and social inclusion

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D. Rawn ◽  
Kathleen D. Vohs ◽  
Darrin R. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Relationship

Exploring the relationship between extrinsic contingency focus, threat and the desire for social inclusion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd John Williams ◽  
Joseph Hayes ◽  
Brianne Schloegl ◽  
Hailey Wilmont ◽  
Samantha Heinlen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The Relationship

Perceived uniqueness: Locus of control, social exclusion, and choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shichang Liang ◽  
Yaping Chang ◽  
XueBing Dong ◽  
Jinshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Central China ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Uniqueness Results ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the influence of locus of control on the relationship between social exclusion and preference for distinctive choices. Participants were 212 undergraduate students at a university in Central China, who completed measures of social exclusion, locus of control, choice, and perceived uniqueness. Results showed that participants who believed that the environment controlled their fate (external locus of control) preferred more distinctive choices in a social exclusion context than in a social inclusion context, whereas participants who believed that they could control the environment (internal locus of control) preferred less distinctive choices. Further, perceived uniqueness mediated the effect of social exclusion and locus of control on choice. These results add to the literature on social exclusion and personal control.

Fish as Property on the Small Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Property Regime ◽  
Formal Rules

This chapter looks at a postsocialist fishery in Kazakhstan to explore the relationship between property rules designed to manage natural resources, and practices of resource exploitation. The Aral Sea is famous for its desiccation over the second half of the twentieth century, which stemmed from Soviet irrigation projects; in 2006 a World Bank/Republic of Kazakhstan project restored a small part of the sea, and fish catches have recently recovered somewhat. In this chapter, based on ethnographic and archival research, I explore the disjuncture between formal rules and practice to address debates about the management of common-pool resources. Within the nomadic economy, in contrast to livestock, fish were not property objects; over the colonial, Soviet and post-Soviet periods, they became objects of economic value in different ways, mediating different sorts of social relations. Turning to the contemporary property regime, I suggest that formal rules matter, but in unintended ways.

The forest transition as a window of opportunity to change the governance of common-pool resources: The case of Mexico’s Mixteca Alta

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 105516
Author(s):  
Matthew Lorenzen ◽  
Quetzalcóatl Orozco-Ramírez ◽  
Rosario Ramírez-Santiago ◽  
Gustavo G. Garza
Keyword(s):  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Forest Transition ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Mixteca Alta

scholarly journals Editorial introduction to the Elinor Ostrom memorial issue

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY M. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Market State ◽  
Memorial Issue

Abstract:This introduction considers the overall character and impact of the work of Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012). Her work is not only inter-disciplinary in character; it also bridges ‘original’ and ‘new’ traditions within institutional economics. Her studies of the governance of common-pool resources inspired multiple lines of enquiry in economics and other social sciences. It also carves out a policy approach that surpasses the market–state dichotomy. This broad impact is evidenced in the seven essays collected and introduced here.

Infant handling enhances social bonds in free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 875-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica S. Dunayer ◽  
Carol M. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Early Handling ◽  
Infant Handling ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Throughout the primate order, individuals are highly motivated to handle infants that are not their own. Given the differing and often conflicting interests of the various participants in handling interactions (handler, infant, and mother), most functional hypotheses are specific to particular handling roles. Here we explore one hypothesis that may apply to all participants, but that has received relatively little attention: that handling may facilitate the formation and maintenance of social bonds. Using free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, we examine the relationship between infant handling in the early weeks and the strength and diversity of infant social bonds months later, when infant relationships were more independent from those of their mothers. Our results largely confirm the influence of several social characteristics (kinship, rank, sex, and age) in governing handling interactions. They also provide the first evidence that early handling is associated with later social bonds that are stronger than expected based on these social characteristics. However, the enhancement of bonds is largely confined to related handlers; frequent unrelated handlers did not generally go on to form strong bonds with infants. This suggests that kinship may be a sort of prerequisite to the enhancement of social bonds via handling. Given the adaptive benefits of strong social bonds among adult primates, future research should investigate whether early infant handling may have longer term fitness effects.

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