United States Seeks Answers on COVID-19's Origin While Stepping Up “Vaccine Diplomacy”

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage across the world, the United States and its allies are pushing for answers about the virus's origins while China rebuffs inquiry into its early handling of the outbreak. Meanwhile, a growing U.S. stockpile of vaccines has opened new avenues for “vaccine diplomacy,” and the Biden administration has thrown its weight behind an effort to suspend cross-border intellectual property (IP) rules for vaccine manufacturing. In the near term, however, experts expect vaccination rates and access will continue to vary widely between countries depending on their wealth.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Sikap Orangtua Dalam Penanganan Awal Kejang Demam Pada Balita

Parents of toddlers with fever seizures are worried and anxious if their toddler has a fever and body temperature does not drop immediately. This can be caused by perents’ ignorance about the early handling of febrile seizures in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on febrile seizures on parents’ attitudes in handling emergency febrile seizures in toddlers. This research is a quantitative study with a desaign quasy experiment design with a one group pretest posttest desaign design. The sample population of parents who had children aged 3 months-5 years is 80 people by means of purposive sampling. The research was conducted for 2 months, namely July-August 2020 at RW 01 and RW 02Wonokromo Vileage, Surabaya. Dta collection in the from of a questionnaire. Statistical test using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The statistical test result obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p value ˂0.005), which means that thhere is an effect of health education on the ettitudes of parents in handling emergency febrilr seizures in toddlers. Health education can increase knowladge so that it can change parents’ attitudes in early handling of febrile seizures in toddlers. Keywords: Health Education, Fever Convulsions, Toddlers ABSTRAK Orangtua dengan balita kejang demam merasa khawatir dan cemas apabila balita mereka mengalami demam dan suhu tubuh yang tidak segera turun. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena ketidaktahuan orang tua tentang penanganan awal kejadian kejang demam pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang kejang demam terhadap sikap orangtua dalam penanganan kegawatdaruratan kejang demam pada balita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasy eksperiment desaign dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest desaign. Populasi orang tua yang memiliki anak berusia 3 bulan - 5 tahun sampel berjumlah 80 orang dengan cara Purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan yaitu Juli-Agustus 2020 di RW 01 dan RW 02 Kelurahan Wonokromo Surabaya. Pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p value <0,005) artinya ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap sikap orang tua dalam penanganan kegawatdaruratan kejang demam pada balita. Pendidikan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahauan sehingga dapat merubah sikap orangtua dalam melakukan penanganan awal kejang demam pada balita. Kata kunci : Pendidikan Kesehatan, Kejang Demam, Balita

Resilience, vulnerability and adaptability: A qualitative study of COVID-19 lockdown experiences in two Henan villages, China

Background The Chinese government’s early handling of COVID-19 has been perceived as aggressive and oppressive. Many of the most radical measures were adopted in Henan province, immediately north of Hubei, the pandemic’s epicentre in China. However, little is known about how rural residents—a group systematically disadvantaged in Chinese society—responded to authorities’ draconian restrictions. Methods To understand the lockdown measures and rural community responses at the grassroots level, face-to-face interviewers were conducted with both village cadres and villagers from two Henan villages in May and June 2020. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis methods, with the coding process guided by the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptability from the literature on disaster risk reduction. Results We found that the lockdown measures were indeed radical and disproportionate relative to the level of risk presented; however, they were largely accepted by villagers. This contradiction can be explained by two key contributing factors: (i) shared interests of individual villagers and the converged goal of government and civil society, and (ii) tacit flexibility in COVID-19 adaption strategies to tackle conflict resulting from goal diversion between citizens and local governments. Conclusions These findings highlight the nuances of ground-level politics. Despite their ‘radical’ nature, the lockdown measures were not implemented as simple top-down coercion. Instead, they involved, importantly, the bottom-up, localised response of villagers, and they were negotiated and adapted according to local circumstances.

SWAMEDIKASI PEMBERIAN ANTISEPTIK DAN PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT RABIES DENGAN MEDIA BOOKLET

ABSTRAKRabies (penyakit anjing gila) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus, bersifat akut dan menyerang susunan saraf pusat. Bentuk pencegahan penyakit rabies adalah melakukan swamedikasi pemberian antiseptik sebagai penanganan awal jika digigit hewan penular rabies. Swamedikasi atau pengobatan mandiri adalah kegiatan atau tindakan mengobati diri sendiri dengan obat seperti antiseptik atau tanpa resep secara tepat dan bertanggung jawab (rasional). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman tentang bahaya rabies dan cara penularannya serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam melakukan penanganan awal luka gigitan hewan penular rabies melalui swamedikasi pemberian antieptik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan melalui media booklet. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan tahapan pre dan post test sebelum dan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Secara statistik hasil dari pelaksanaan pre test dan post test diuji analisis dengan menggunakan analisis paired sample t-test dengan hasil perolehan adalah p = 0.006 (r = 0,589). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan antara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan kegiatan penyuluhan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemberian swamedikasi pemberian antiseptik dan penyuluhan pencegahan penyakit rabiet sangat mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat. Kata kunci: swamedikasi; antiseptik; rabies. ABSTRACTRabies (mad dog disease) is a disease caused by a virus, is acute and attacks the central nervous system. The form of prevention of rabies is to self-medicate the administration of antiseptics as an initial treatment if bitten by an animal that transmits rabies. Self-medication or self-medication is the activity or act of treating yourself with drugs such as antiseptics or without a prescription appropriately and responsibly (rationally). The purpose of this activity is to increase understanding of the dangers of rabies and how it is transmitted and to increase knowledge in early handling of bite wounds of rabies-infected animals through self-medicated administration of antieptics. This activity is carried out in the form of counseling through booklet media. In this activity, the pre and post test stages were carried out before and after counseling. Statistically, the results of the pre-test and post-test implementation were analyzed using paired sample t-test analysis with the results of p = 0.006 (r = 0.589). This shows that there is a knowledge relationship between before and after extension activities are carried out. This indicates that the provision of self-medicated giving of antiseptics and counseling on the prevention of rabbits greatly affects the level of public knowledge. Keywords: self-medication; antiseptic; rabies.

Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor untuk Mengidentifikasi Penyakit pada Hewan Peliharaan

Large domesticated types of ruminants such as goats, buffalo and cows are animals that are commonly kept and used as food sources and as assistants to human work in rural areas. Knowledge about pets, especially animal health, is something owners really need to keep their pets healthy. The owner's lack of knowledge about diseases and early handling of diseases in pets and the difficulty of seeing a veterinarian in urgent situations prevent pets from getting proper first aid. This study aims to identify the types of diseases suffered by pets based on the symptoms experienced by pets precisely. The method used is themethod Certainty Factor to accommodate the uncertainty of an expert's thinking on 12 diseases and 47 disease symptoms in pets. The results of this study can identify diseases in pets and produce certainty values ​​for the types of diseases in the form of diseases suffered by pets. So that this research can be a reference in identifying diseases in pets and providing knowledge to owners about first aid and disease management in pets.

PERAN SERTA ORGANISASI PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN DINI KORBAN KEKERASAN

The specific purpose and target of this research is to determine the role of family welfare empowerment organizations (PKK) in the prevention and early handling of women and children victims of violence. The reason for researching this topic is the increase in the number of victims of violence against women and children every year. Based on data from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, it is shown that since 2012 it has increased from 18,718 to 54,041 cases in June 2017 and until February 2018 it has shown 374 cases of violence against women and children. In this case, the Government is responsible for providing optimal services needed by victims, both medical, psychological, and legal assistance in an effort to recover their condition. The government in providing services to victims should cooperate and partner with the community, especially in the prevention and early handling of victims of violence. Prevention and early handling of victims of violence at the village level can empower family welfare empowerment organizations (PKK) which are government partners that are considered effective in the prevention and early handling of women and children victims of violence in their areas. Based on these reasons, it is necessary to study in depth the role of the PKK organization in preventing and early handling of women and children victims of violence. To achieve specific goals and targets in this study, the research method used is a normative research method with a statue approach and a conceptual approach.The results of the study provide an overview 1) there is a clear regulation in the laws and regulations related to the participation of the PKK in preventing and early handling of victims of violence, what needs to be further regulated is regulation in the form of Village Regulations and customary law (awig-awig) related to the participation of PKK and indigenous women in the prevention and early handling of victims of violence. 2) the procedures for preventing and early handling of victims of violence need to be stated in the operational standards in the village and the traditional village paparem.