Harsh parental discipline and offspring emotional and behavioural problems: Comparing findings from the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model and the monozygotic twin difference design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Kullberg ◽  
Charlotte C van Schie ◽  
Andrea Allegrini ◽  
Yasmin Iona Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Daniel Wechsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Parental Discipline ◽  
Harsh Discipline ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Random Intercept

Objective. To elucidate associations between parental harsh discipline and child emotional and behavioural problems in monozygotic twins aged 9, 12 and 16 and to compare distinct approaches to causal inference.Method. Child reports of 5,698 identical twins from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) were analysed. We tested three types of longitudinal structural equation models: a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), a random intercept CLPM (RI-CLPM) and a monozygotic twin difference version of the CLPM (MZD-CLPM). Results. Given the study aim to infer causation, interpretation of models focussed primarily on the magnitude and significance of cross-lagged associations. Behavioural problems resulted in harsher parental discipline across all models. In the CLPM, we found bidirectional effects between parental discipline behavioural problems at age 9 and 12. Point estimates of all other associations between parental harsh discipline and child emotional and behavioural problems were in the same direction but magnitude varied across models. In the MZD-CLPM, twin differences in harsh parental discipline at 9 predicted twin differences in emotional problems at 12. In the RI-CLPM, emotional problems at 12 predicted a reduction in harsh parental discipline at 16 within person. Conclusions. Findings can be interpreted as corroborating (but not definite) evidence in favour of a causal effect of child behavioural problems on later experienced harsh parental discipline. Yet, in light of the triangulated methods, results also illustrate divergence in the MZD-CLPM and RI-CLPM outcomes, and underline the importance of a well-defined research question, careful model selection and refining causal conclusions on within-person processes.

scholarly journals A Critique of the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Alexander Robitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lagged Effect

The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) is an extension of the traditional cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) that allows controlling for stable trait factors when estimating cross-lagged effects. It has been argued that the RI-CLPM more appropriately accounts for trait-like, time-invariant stability of many psychological constructs and that it should be preferred over the CLPM when at least three waves of measurement are available. The basic idea of the RI-CLPM is to decompose longitudinal associations between two constructs into stable between-person associations and temporal within-person dynamics. The present article critically examines the RI-CLPM from a causal inference perspective. Using formal analysis and simulated data, we show that the RI-CLPM has limited potential to control for unobserved stable confounder variables when estimating cross-lagged effects. The CLPM with additional lag-2 effects sufficiently controls for delayed effects, as long as all relevant covariates are measured. Furthermore, we clarify that, in general, the RI-CLPM targets a different causal estimand than the CLPM. Whereas the cross-lagged effect in the CLPM targets the effect of increasing the exposure by one unit, the within-person cross-lagged effect in the RI-CLPM provides an estimate of the effect of increasing the exposure by one unit around the person mean. We argue that this within-person causal effect is typically less relevant for testing causal hypotheses with longitudinal data because it only captures temporary fluctuations around the individual person means and ignores the potential effects of causes that explain differences between persons.

scholarly journals The relationship between parental depressive symptoms and offspring psychopathology: evidence from a children-of-twins study and an adoption study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAdams ◽  
F. V. Rijsdijk ◽  
J. M. Neiderhiser ◽  
J. Narusyte ◽  
D. S. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
Parental Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adoption Study ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

BackgroundParental depressive symptoms are associated with emotional and behavioural problems in offspring. However, genetically informative studies are needed to distinguish potential causal effects from genetic confounds, and longitudinal studies are required to distinguish parent-to-child effects from child-to-parent effects.MethodWe conducted cross-sectional analyses on a sample of Swedish twins and their adolescent offspring (n = 876 twin families), and longitudinal analyses on a US sample of children adopted at birth, their adoptive parents, and their birth mothers (n = 361 adoptive families). Depressive symptoms were measured in parents, and externalizing and internalizing problems measured in offspring. Structural equation models were fitted to the data.ResultsResults of model fitting suggest that associations between parental depressive symptoms and offspring internalizing and externalizing problems remain after accounting for genes shared between parent and child. Genetic transmission was not evident in the twin study but was evident in the adoption study. In the longitudinal adoption study child-to-parent effects were evident.ConclusionsWe interpret the results as demonstrating that associations between parental depressive symptoms and offspring emotional and behavioural problems are not solely attributable to shared genes, and that bidirectional effects may be present in intergenerational associations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Behavioral and Emotional Problems among Omani Children as Predicted by Some Demographic Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Tagharid T. Al Said ◽  
Ian S. Hamilton ◽  
Nicola Birdsey
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Behavioral And Emotional Problems ◽  
Grade 3

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in children in Oman and demographic variables correlated with these. A random sample of 200 pupils from grades 1-4 in the Governorate of Muscat was selected using the OMBEP measure (Al Said, Birdsey, & Stuart-Hamilton, 2012). Multiple linear regression analysis showed three variables are able to predict emotional and behavioural problems including: the educational level of the father (only when it is below bachelor's degree), the number of hours spent watching T.V., and grade 3 (children in grade 3 are more likely to experience the negative effects of emotional and behavioural problems as compared with children in other grades). However, there are variables that have a positive role in reduction of behavioural and emotional problems. These are: the mother's educational level when it is a bachelor's degree, the existence of a nursemaid, and the effect of having first grade education. 

scholarly journals Parents’ and teachers’ perceptions of emotional and behavioural problems of school-going adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Harikrishnan ◽  
Grace Lalhlupuii Sailo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Self-reported studies alone cannot be used to deduce the significance of adolescent problems. Therefore, the current study focuses on parents’ and class teachers’ perspectives of school-going adolescents’ emotional and behavioural problems. The objectives are to apprehend the prevalence of adolescent problems, comparisons on gender, school-area; and its association with socio-demographic details. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 19 schools from government-private and rural-urban schools across Kollam District, Kerala. Malayalam/English version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered among a sample of 600 parents and 60 class teachers of school-going adolescents. Gender correlation with parents’ report found emotional problems (P<0.01), conduct problems (P<0.01), hyperactivity (P<0.001), peer problems (P<0.001) whereas in teachers’ report found relationship with emotional problems (P<0.05) and hyperactivity (P<0.001). Multivariate test results reveal that there is a statistically significant difference in emotional and behavioural problems of school-going adolescents based on school area (government-urban, government-rural, private-urban and private-rural). Multiple linear regression analysis on parents reports is significantly predicted with gender (P<0.01), urban-rural settings (P<0.001) and socioeconomic status (P<0.01). Teachers’ report has significantly been predicted with urban-rural settings (P<0.01) and socioeconomic status (P<0.001). Parents’ reports revealed a less overall prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems than teachers’ reports. Female adolescents tend to have more emotional problems and males were found to be more hyperactive. A significant difference was found with the school-area settings and significant association with socio-demographic details of adolescents. More attention is needed for the protection of adolescents’ mental health and fills mental health gaps in services.

scholarly journals Does #Tamojunto alter the dynamic between drug use and school violence among youth? Secondary analysis from a large cluster-randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cogo-Moreira ◽  
Julia D. Gusmões ◽  
Juliana Y. Valente ◽  
Michael Eid ◽  
Zila M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Use Behavior

AbstractThe present study investigated how intervention might alter the relationship between perpetrating violence and later drug use. A cluster-randomized controlled trial design involving 72 schools (38 intervention, 34 control) and 6390 students attending grades 7 and 8 was employed in Brazil. Drug use and violence were assessed at three points. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model examined the reciprocal association between drug use and school violence domains across the three data collection waves. For both groups, we found that the cross-lagged effect of perpetration on further drug use in adolescents was stronger than the reverse, but the interrelationship was not statistically significant between #Tamojunto and control schools. The carry-over effects of drug use and violence were also not significantly different between groups. There is a lack of evidence showing that #Tamojunto can modify the dynamics between drug use and school violence across the 21-month period. The direction of the causal effect (i.e., the more perpetration behavior, the more subsequent drug use behavior) is present, but weak in both groups. The trial registration protocol at the national Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials (REBEC) is #RBR-4mnv5g.

Childhood social, emotional, and behavioural problems and their association with behaviour in the dental setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Cademartori ◽  
Marcos B. Corrêa ◽  
Ricardo A. Silva ◽  
Marília L. Goettems
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Dental Setting
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