Intelligence Predicts Sensory Discrimination Ability but not Implicit Reward Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Sassenberg ◽  
Muchen Xi ◽  
Daiqing Zhao ◽  
Scott D. Blain ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Iq Test

Previous research has made use of sensory discrimination tasks that incorporate differential reinforcement schedules as a method for measuring individual differences in implicit reward learning. One such task utilizing a differential reinforcement schedule was popularized by Pizzagalli et al. (2005) with the intent of behaviorally assessing anhedonia and reward sensitivity. Various studies have examined implicit reward learning in relation to clinical symptoms and personality traits, including anhedonia, depression, and Extraversion. Despite extensive use of these tasks, they have not been extensively examined in relation to intelligence. Other research suggests positive associations of intelligence with sensory discrimination ability. The present study utilized a probabilistic reward task incorporating differential reinforcement in a large community sample to determine the relations among IQ, sensory discrimination ability, and implicit reward learning. Participants (N = 298) completed a sensory discrimination task, as well as an IQ test. IQ was not associated with participants’ levels of implicit reward learning but was positively associated with sensory discrimination ability. These findings provide further understanding of the complex relations among implicit learning, sensory discrimination ability, and intelligence.

scholarly journals Extraversion but not Depression Predicts Implicit Reward Sensitivity: Revisiting the Measurement of Anhedonic Phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Blain ◽  
Tyler A. Sassenberg ◽  
Muchen Xi ◽  
Daiqing Zhao ◽  
Colin G. DeYoung
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Reward Learning

Recently, increasing efforts have been made to define and measure dimensional phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders. One example is an implicit reward learning task developed by Pizzagalli et al. (2005) to assess anhedonia, by measuring participants’ responses to a differential reinforcement schedule. This task has been used in many studies, which have connected blunted reward response in the task to depressive symptoms, across clinical groups and in the general population. The current study attempted to replicate these findings in a large community sample and also investigated possible associations with Extraversion, a personality trait linked theoretically and empirically to reward sensitivity. Participants (N = 299) completed the reward-learning task, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory, Personality Inventory for the DSM-5, Big Five Inventory, and Big Five Aspect Scales. Our direct replication attempts used bivariate analyses of observed variables and ANOVA models. Follow-up and extension analyses used structural equation models to assess relations among latent reward sensitivity, depression, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. No significant associations were found between reward sensitivity (i.e., response bias) and depression, thus failing to replicate previous findings. Response bias and change in response bias showed significant positive associations with Extraversion, but not with Neuroticism. Findings suggest reward sensitivity as measured by this implicit reward learning task may be related primarily to Extraversion and its pathological manifestations, rather than to depression per se, consistent with existing models that conceptualize depressive symptoms as combining features of Neuroticism and low Extraversion.

scholarly journals Ant colonies outperform individuals when a sensory discrimination task is difficult but not when it is easy

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (34) ◽  
pp. 13769-13773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Sasaki ◽  
Boris Granovskiy ◽  
Richard P. Mann ◽  
David J. T. Sumpter ◽  
Stephen C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Sensory Discrimination

Measurement of Discrimination Ability in Taste Tests: An Empirical Investigation

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Buchanan ◽  
Moshe Givon ◽  
Arieh Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Product Testing ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Comparison Test ◽  
Discrimination Testing

For purposes of product testing, several tasks have been used to measure subjects’ discrimination ability (i.e., their ability to distinguish between two slightly different product formulations). Three of the more common tasks are repeat paired comparisons, triangle tests, and preference rankings. In this empirical study, the properties of these three tasks are compared. The repeat paired comparison test is found to be the most sensitive discrimination task, in that subjects demonstrate the greatest ability in distinguishing between formulations, and preference ranking is the least sensitive. The finding that discrimination ability measured by triangle tests is significantly correlated with that measured by paired comparisons lends support to the validity of consistent preference discrimination testing.

Effects of Differential Reinforcement Procedures on Discrimination Learning by Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
John Raymond Blair ◽  
Bruce R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Contingent Reinforcement ◽  
Token Reinforcement ◽  
Response Contingent ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Reinforcement Procedure

Institutionalized mentally retarded children performed on a two-choice discrimination task under one of 6 conditions of reward (response-contingent consumable, response-contingent nonconsumable, token-consumable, token-nonconsumable, token, social). The results indicated that response-contingent nonconsumable rewards were not more distracting than response-contingent consumable rewards nor was the presentation of material rewards by the token-reinforcement procedure less distracting than the response-contingent reinforcement procedure. Further, social reinforcement was less effective than response-contingent nonconsumable rewards; however, no differences were found between social reinforcement and the other material rewards regardless of reinforcement procedure.

scholarly journals Distinct Spiking Patterns of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons and LFP Oscillations in Prefrontal Cortex During Sensory Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-an Tseng ◽  
Xue Han
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Spike Waveforms

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) are broadly linked to various aspects of behavior. During sensory discrimination, PFC neurons can encode a range of task related information, including the identity of sensory stimuli and related behavioral outcome. However, it remains largely unclear how different neuron subtypes and local field potential (LFP) oscillation features in the mouse PFC are modulated during sensory discrimination. To understand how excitatory and inhibitory PFC neurons are selectively engaged during sensory discrimination and how their activity relates to LFP oscillations, we used tetrode recordings to probe well-isolated individual neurons, and LFP oscillations, in mice performing a three-choice auditory discrimination task. We found that a majority of PFC neurons, 78% of the 711 recorded individual neurons, exhibited sensory discrimination related responses that are context and task dependent. Using spike waveforms, we classified these responsive neurons into putative excitatory neurons with broad waveforms or putative inhibitory neurons with narrow waveforms, and found that both neuron subtypes were transiently modulated, with individual neurons’ responses peaking throughout the entire duration of the trial. While the number of responsive excitatory neurons remain largely constant throughout the trial, an increasing fraction of inhibitory neurons were gradually recruited as the trial progressed. Further examination of the coherence between individual neurons and LFPs revealed that inhibitory neurons exhibit higher spike-field coherence with LFP oscillations than excitatory neurons during all aspects of the trial and across multiple frequency bands. Together, our results demonstrate that PFC excitatory neurons are continuously engaged during sensory discrimination, whereas PFC inhibitory neurons are increasingly recruited as the trial progresses and preferentially coordinated with LFP oscillations. These results demonstrate increasing involvement of inhibitory neurons in shaping the overall PFC dynamics toward the completion of the sensory discrimination task.

scholarly journals Analysing neuronal correlates of the comparison of two sequentially presented sensory stimuli

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1428) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Brody ◽  
Adrián Hernández ◽  
Antonio Zainos ◽  
Luis Lemus ◽  
Ranulfo Romo
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Highly Correlated

In a typical sequential sensory discrimination task, subjects are required to make a decision based on comparing a sensory stimulus against the memory trace left by a previous stimulus. What is the neuronal substrate for such comparisons and the resulting decisions? This question was studied by recording neuronal responses in a variety of cortical areas of awake monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ), trained to carry out a vibrotactile sequential discrimination task. We describe methods to analyse responses obtained during the comparison and decision phases of the task, and describe the resulting findings from recordings in secondary somatosensory cortical area (S2). A subset of neurons in S2 become highly correlated with the monkey's decision in the task.

Reinforcement Schedule, Intertrial Activity, and Verbal Operant Conditioning

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. David ◽  
T. E. Dielman
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Conditioning Situation ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Verbal Operant

An investigation of the effect of different reinforcement schedules (RS) upon conditioning and awareness in a verbal operant conditioning situation (VOC). 40 Ss were given Taffel's sentence-completion task with one-half of Ss given an intertrial color-naming task (ICN). Ss were placed on a 100%, 66%, 33%, or 0% RS for Trials 11–100, with no reinforcement given during Trials 101 to 150. The 100% and 66% RS groups showed conditioning of “I-we” responses ( p < .01) and a decrease in the correct response during extinction ( p < .01). The 33% RS group failed to condition ( p > .05). ICN had no effect upon VOC or awareness as measured by Dulany's post-conditioning interview ( p > .05).

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