scholarly journals Consciousness can overflow report: novel evidence from attribute amnesia of a single stimulus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yingtao Fu ◽  
Luo Chen ◽  
Yutong Chen ◽  
Jifan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Cognitive Access ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Single Number ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

Subjective report has been used as a measurement of consciousness. However, we usually experience seeing much more than what can be reported. This relates to a long-standing controversy regarding the nature of visual consciousness; that is, whether it is confined to cognitive access and can be directly measured by reportability, or whether it is rich and overflows report. Most debate previously concentrated on the unattended information, but acquiesced that information under attentional focus would reach consciousness and be reportable. This study sought to further address the debate from a new perspective, through directly testing whether fully attended supraliminal information is necessarily reportable with a variant of attribute amnesia. Participants were asked to judge the parity of a single number (Experiments 1 & 3) or whether a Chinese character referred to furniture (Experiments 2 & 4). After several trials, they were unexpectedly asked to report the target identity. The results consistently showed that participants could not correctly report the target identity, indicating that fully attended information that was consciously perceived could sometimes overflow report. These findings not only provide novel evidence for the overflow argument, but also have crucial implications in the relationship between consciousness and working memory.

scholarly journals Consciousness without report: insights from summary statistics and inattention ‘blindness’

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1755) ◽  
pp. 20170354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Usher ◽  
Zohar Z. Bronfman ◽  
Shiri Talmor ◽  
Hilla Jacobson ◽  
Baruch Eitam
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Perceptual Consciousness ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Cognitive Access

We contrast two theoretical positions on the relation between phenomenal and access consciousness. First, we discuss previous data supporting a mild Overflow position, according to which transient visual awareness can overflow report. These data are open to two interpretations: (i) observers transiently experience specific visual elements outside attentional focus without encoding them into working memory; (ii) no specific visual elements but only statistical summaries are experienced in such conditions. We present new data showing that under data-limited conditions observers cannot discriminate a simple relation (same versus different) without discriminating the elements themselves and, based on additional computational considerations, we argue that this supports the first interpretation: summary statistics (same/different) are grounded on the transient experience of elements. Second, we examine recent data from a variant of ‘inattention blindness’ and argue that contrary to widespread assumptions, it provides further support for Overflow by highlighting another factor, ‘task relevance’, which affects the ability to conceptualize and report (but not experience) visual elements. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Perceptual consciousness and cognitive access’.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

The visual arrays task…visual storage capacity or attention control?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Martin ◽  
Jason S. Tsukahara ◽  
Christopher Draheim ◽  
Zach Shipstead ◽  
Cody Mashburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Visual Storage ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
The Relationship

**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity and attention control. Specifically, we tested whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted the relationship between visual arrays measures and constructs of working memory capacity and attention control. Using analyses from 4 independent data sets we showed that the degree to which visual arrays measures rely on selection influences the degree to which they reflect domain-general attention control.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

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