scholarly journals Volitional Motion Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Information Theory ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Computational Neuroscience ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Observable Data ◽  
Animal Spirit

We propose a mathematical model for quantifying willpower and an application based on the model. Volitional Motion Theory (VMT) is a mathematical model that draws on classical mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, information theory, and philosophy. The resulting numbers are statistical theoretical values deduced using observable data. VMT can be applied to a variety of fields, including behavioral science, behavioral economics, and computational neuroscience. For example, "What is animal spirit in economics?" VMT is one proposal to answer this question. In addition, a scheduling application has been created to validate VMT. This application is open to the public for anyone to use.

scholarly journals Applying Behavioral Economics to the Public Sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-134
Author(s):  
James Alm ◽  
Carolyn J. Bourdeaux
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Cellular cooperation shapes tumor growth: a statistical mechanics mathematical model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey West ◽  
Paul K. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Macroscopic Tumor ◽  
Growth Laws ◽  
Cellular Cooperation

AbstractA tumor is made up of a heterogeneous collection of cell types all competing on a fitness landscape mediated by micro-environmental conditions that dictate their interactions. Despite the fact that much is known about cell signaling and cellular cooperation, the specifics of how the cell-to-cell coupling and the range over which this coupling acts affect the macroscopic tumor growth laws that govern total volume, mass, and carrying capacity remain poorly understood. We develop a statistical mechanics approach that focuses on the total number of possible states each cell can occupy, and show how different assumptions on correlations of these states gives rise to the many different macroscopic tumor growth laws used in the literature. Although it is widely understood that molecular and cellular heterogeneity within a tumor is a driver of growth, here we emphasize that focusing on the functional coupling of these states at the cellular level is what determines macroscopic growth characteristics.Significance statementA mathematical model relating tumor heterogeneity at the cellular level to tumor growth at the macroscopic level is described based on a statistical mechanics framework. The model takes into account the number of accessible states available to each cell as well as their long-range coupling (population cooperation) to other cells. We show that the degree to which cell populations cooperate determine the number of independent cell states, which in turn dictates the macroscopic (volumetric) growth law. It follows that targeting cell-to-cell interactions could be a way of mitigating and controlling tumor growth.

scholarly journals An overview of behavioral economics in Dutch policy making. the next step: how to nudge policy makers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Els Stroeker
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Dutch Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

This article describes the beginning of the influence of behavioral economics on the Dutch government. This started in the period that the UK started with its Behavioral Insights Team (BIT UK). The article presents explanation of the concept “nudging” and the way this is integrated in Dutch policy. Also leading publications and examples of how behavioral economics is used in policy making are presented. The advice of the government in 2014 on how to ensure a structural integration of behavioral science knowledge in policy is part of the next step. The next step contains two main parts: 1. How to nudge policy makers and 2. Embedding nudges in policy making on four aspects: positioning, projects, performance and professionality.

Neuroeconomics and Media Economics

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Dinçer Atli ◽  
Mehmet Yilmazata
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Media Economics ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Media ◽  
Recent Trends

This chapter investigates the development of neuroeconomics as a relative new sub-discipline in the fields of economics and behavioral science. After comparing paradigms of both classical and behavioral economics, the problem of the “conscious and rational consumer” is addressed in relation to more passive views of consumerism in neuroeconomics. Highlighting the most recent trends in neuroeconomics, the chapter also addresses the historical development of the discipline of neuroeconomics as an independent field of research within the fields of media and economics. The problem of new marketing strategies as well as the evolvement of neuroeconomics as an independent discipline in the age of digitalization is presented while considering the changing nature of the media industry.

scholarly journals Self-nudging and the citizen choice architect

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMULI REIJULA ◽  
RALPH HERTWIG
Keyword(s):  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scope Of Application

Abstract This article argues that nudges can often be turned into self-nudges: empowering interventions that enable people to design and structure their own decision environments – that is, to act as citizen choice architects. Self-nudging applies insights from behavioral science in a way that is practicable and cost-effective, but that sidesteps concerns about paternalism or manipulation. It has the potential to expand the scope of application of behavioral insights from the public to the personal sphere (e.g., homes, offices, families). It is a tool for reducing failures of self-control and enhancing personal autonomy; specifically, self-nudging can mean designing one's proximate choice architecture to alleviate the effects of self-control problems, engaging in education to understand the nature and causes of self-control problems and employing simple educational nudges to improve goal attainment in various domains. It can even mean self-paternalistic interventions such as winnowing down one's choice set by, for instance, removing options. Policy-makers could promote self-nudging by sharing knowledge about nudges and how they work. The ultimate goal of the self-nudging approach is to enable citizen choice architects’ efficient self-governance, where reasonable, and the self-determined arbitration of conflicts between their mutually exclusive goals and preferences.

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